Презентация, доклад на тему aldehydes and ketones. Reactions of oxidation, reduction and addition of aldehydes and ketones

Содержание

Aldehydes and ketones : carbonyl compounds, contain groupGeneral formula of aldehydes:Examples:

Слайд 1Carbonyl compounds: aldehydes and ketones. Reactions of oxidation, reduction and addition

of aldehydes and ketones 

Learning objectives:

- know and understand the structure of the carbonyl group
 
know and be able to name, write structural formulas for a number of carbonyl compounds
know the products of oxidation and reduction of aldehydes and ketones
understand and know examples of reactions of nucleophilic addition of aldehydes and ketones

Carbonyl compounds: aldehydes and ketones. Reactions of oxidation, reduction and addition of aldehydes and ketones Learning objectives: -

Слайд 2Aldehydes and ketones :
carbonyl compounds, contain

group

General formula of aldehydes:

Examples:

Aldehydes and ketones : carbonyl compounds, contain 	    groupGeneral formula of aldehydes:Examples:

Слайд 3Aldehydes are named by replacing the final “-e” of the name

of the corresponding alkane with “-al”
Examples:

Aldehydes

Aldehydes are named by replacing the final “-e” of the name of the corresponding alkane with “-al”Examples:Aldehydes

Слайд 4General formula of ketones:


Examples:

General formula of ketones:Examples:

Слайд 5Ketones are named by replacing the final “-e” of the name

of the corresponding alkane with “-one”.
The parent chain is then numbered in the way that gives the carbonyl carbon atom the lowest possible number, and this number is used to indicate its position.
Examples:

Ketones

Ketones are named by replacing the final “-e” of the name of the corresponding alkane with “-one”.

Слайд 6Video about how named of aldehydes and ketones:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oeyBfrx5RJY&list=PL7305D1BC80498DA6&index=61

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wD15pD5pCt4&list=PL7305D1BC80498DA6&index=62

Video about how named of aldehydes and ketones:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oeyBfrx5RJY&list=PL7305D1BC80498DA6&index=61 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wD15pD5pCt4&list=PL7305D1BC80498DA6&index=62

Слайд 8Task 2, p. 5

Task 2, p. 5

Слайд 9trigonal planar structure

trigonal planar structure

Слайд 11Carbonyl compounds have higher b.p. and m.p. than hydrocarbons of similar

relative molecular masses ∵ the presence of dipole-dipole interactions
Carbonyl compounds have lower b.p. and m.p. than the corresponding alcohols ∵ dipole-dipole interactions are weaker than intermolecular hydrogen bonds
Carbonyl compounds have higher b.p. and m.p. than hydrocarbons of similar relative molecular masses ∵ the presence

Слайд 12e.g. propanone and ethanal are soluble in water in

all proportions
e.g. propanone and ethanal are soluble in water in 	   all proportions

Слайд 15Carbonyl group is susceptible to nucleophilic attack ∵ carbonyl carbon bears a

partial positive charge
Nucleophiles use its lone pair electrons to form a bond with carbonyl carbon
One pair of bonding electrons of the carbon-oxygen bond shift out to the carbonyl oxygen

Nucleophilic Addition Reactions

Carbonyl group is susceptible to nucleophilic attack ∵ carbonyl carbon bears a partial positive chargeNucleophiles use its

Слайд 16The electron-rich oxygen transfers its electron pair to a proton  addition

of Nu–H to the carbonyl group

The carbonyl carbon changes from a trigonal planar geometry to a tetrahedral geometry

The electron-rich oxygen transfers its electron pair to a proton  addition of Nu–H to the carbonyl

Слайд 18© www.chemsheets.co.uk A2 1026 25-May-2016
Reaction with KCN then

acid

NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION

© www.chemsheets.co.uk  A2 1026   25-May-2016Reaction with KCN then acidNUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION

Слайд 19© www.chemsheets.co.uk A2 1026 25-May-2016
NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION
many hydroxynitriles contain

chiral C

formed as racemic mixture (50/50 mixture of enantiomers)

as equal chance of attack from above & below plane

© www.chemsheets.co.uk  A2 1026   25-May-2016NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITIONmany hydroxynitriles contain chiral Cformed as racemic mixture (50/50

Слайд 20© www.chemsheets.co.uk A2 1026 25-May-2016

© www.chemsheets.co.uk  A2 1026   25-May-2016

Слайд 21© www.chemsheets.co.uk A2 1026 25-May-2016
e.g. propanone + KCN

then acid

NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION

© www.chemsheets.co.uk  A2 1026   25-May-2016e.g. propanone + KCN then acidNUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION

Слайд 22© www.chemsheets.co.uk A2 1026 25-May-2016
e.g. propanal + KCN

then acid

NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION

© www.chemsheets.co.uk  A2 1026   25-May-2016e.g. propanal + KCN then acidNUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION

Слайд 27© www.chemsheets.co.uk A2 1026 25-May-2016
Reduction with NaBH4
NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION

© www.chemsheets.co.uk  A2 1026   25-May-2016Reduction with NaBH4NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION

Слайд 28© www.chemsheets.co.uk A2 1026 25-May-2016
e.g. ethanal + NaBH4
NUCLEOPHILIC

ADDITION
© www.chemsheets.co.uk  A2 1026   25-May-2016e.g. ethanal + NaBH4NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION

Слайд 29© www.chemsheets.co.uk A2 1026 25-May-2016
e.g. propanone + NaBH4
NUCLEOPHILIC

ADDITION
© www.chemsheets.co.uk  A2 1026   25-May-2016e.g. propanone + NaBH4NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION

Слайд 35Used recourses:

Chemsheets (https://www.scisheets.co.uk)

https://www.slideshare.net/Thivyaapriya/organic-chemistry-carbonyl-compunds



Used recourses:Chemsheets (https://www.scisheets.co.uk)https://www.slideshare.net/Thivyaapriya/organic-chemistry-carbonyl-compunds

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