Learning objectives:
- know and understand the structure of the carbonyl group
know and be able to name, write structural formulas for a number of carbonyl compounds
know the products of oxidation and reduction of aldehydes and ketones
understand and know examples of reactions of nucleophilic addition of aldehydes and ketones
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Презентация, доклад на тему aldehydes and ketones. Reactions of oxidation, reduction and addition of aldehydes and ketones
Содержание
- 1. aldehydes and ketones. Reactions of oxidation, reduction and addition of aldehydes and ketones
- 2. Aldehydes and ketones : carbonyl compounds, contain groupGeneral formula of aldehydes:Examples:
- 3. Aldehydes are named by replacing the final
- 4. General formula of ketones:Examples:
- 5. Ketones are named by replacing the final
- 6. Video about how named of aldehydes and ketones:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oeyBfrx5RJY&list=PL7305D1BC80498DA6&index=61 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wD15pD5pCt4&list=PL7305D1BC80498DA6&index=62
- 7. Слайд 7
- 8. Task 2, p. 5
- 9. trigonal planar structure
- 10. Слайд 10
- 11. Carbonyl compounds have higher b.p. and m.p.
- 12. e.g. propanone and ethanal are soluble in water in all proportions
- 13. Слайд 13
- 14. Слайд 14
- 15. Carbonyl group is susceptible to nucleophilic attack
- 16. The electron-rich oxygen transfers its electron pair
- 17. Слайд 17
- 18. © www.chemsheets.co.uk A2 1026 25-May-2016Reaction with KCN then acidNUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION
- 19. © www.chemsheets.co.uk A2 1026
- 20. © www.chemsheets.co.uk A2 1026 25-May-2016
- 21. © www.chemsheets.co.uk A2 1026 25-May-2016e.g. propanone + KCN then acidNUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION
- 22. © www.chemsheets.co.uk A2 1026 25-May-2016e.g. propanal + KCN then acidNUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION
- 23. Слайд 23
- 24. Слайд 24
- 25. Слайд 25
- 26. Слайд 26
- 27. © www.chemsheets.co.uk A2 1026 25-May-2016Reduction with NaBH4NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION
- 28. © www.chemsheets.co.uk A2 1026 25-May-2016e.g. ethanal + NaBH4NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION
- 29. © www.chemsheets.co.uk A2 1026 25-May-2016e.g. propanone + NaBH4NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION
- 30. Слайд 30
- 31. Слайд 31
- 32. Слайд 32
- 33. Слайд 33
- 34. Слайд 34
- 35. Used recourses:Chemsheets (https://www.scisheets.co.uk)https://www.slideshare.net/Thivyaapriya/organic-chemistry-carbonyl-compunds
Aldehydes and ketones : carbonyl compounds, contain groupGeneral formula of aldehydes:Examples:
Слайд 1Carbonyl compounds: aldehydes and ketones. Reactions of oxidation, reduction and addition
of aldehydes and ketones
Слайд 2Aldehydes and ketones :
carbonyl compounds, contain
group
General formula of aldehydes:
Examples:
Слайд 3Aldehydes are named by replacing the final “-e” of the name
of the corresponding alkane with “-al”
Examples:
Examples:
Aldehydes
Слайд 5Ketones are named by replacing the final “-e” of the name
of the corresponding alkane with “-one”.
The parent chain is then numbered in the way that gives the carbonyl carbon atom the lowest possible number, and this number is used to indicate its position.
Examples:
The parent chain is then numbered in the way that gives the carbonyl carbon atom the lowest possible number, and this number is used to indicate its position.
Examples:
Ketones
Слайд 6Video about how named of aldehydes and ketones:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oeyBfrx5RJY&list=PL7305D1BC80498DA6&index=61
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wD15pD5pCt4&list=PL7305D1BC80498DA6&index=62
Слайд 11Carbonyl compounds have higher b.p. and m.p. than hydrocarbons of similar
relative molecular masses
∵ the presence of dipole-dipole interactions
Carbonyl compounds have lower b.p. and m.p. than the corresponding alcohols ∵ dipole-dipole interactions are weaker than intermolecular hydrogen bonds
Carbonyl compounds have lower b.p. and m.p. than the corresponding alcohols ∵ dipole-dipole interactions are weaker than intermolecular hydrogen bonds
Слайд 15Carbonyl group is susceptible to nucleophilic attack ∵ carbonyl carbon bears a
partial positive charge
Nucleophiles use its lone pair electrons to form a bond with carbonyl carbon
One pair of bonding electrons of the carbon-oxygen bond shift out to the carbonyl oxygen
Nucleophiles use its lone pair electrons to form a bond with carbonyl carbon
One pair of bonding electrons of the carbon-oxygen bond shift out to the carbonyl oxygen
Nucleophilic Addition Reactions
Слайд 16The electron-rich oxygen transfers its electron pair to a proton addition
of Nu–H to the carbonyl group
The carbonyl carbon changes from a trigonal planar geometry to a tetrahedral geometry
Слайд 19© www.chemsheets.co.uk A2 1026 25-May-2016
NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION
many hydroxynitriles contain
chiral C
formed as racemic mixture (50/50 mixture of enantiomers)
as equal chance of attack from above & below plane
formed as racemic mixture (50/50 mixture of enantiomers)
as equal chance of attack from above & below plane
Слайд 21© www.chemsheets.co.uk A2 1026 25-May-2016
e.g. propanone + KCN
then acid
NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION
Слайд 22© www.chemsheets.co.uk A2 1026 25-May-2016
e.g. propanal + KCN
then acid
NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION
Слайд 35Used recourses:
Chemsheets (https://www.scisheets.co.uk)
https://www.slideshare.net/Thivyaapriya/organic-chemistry-carbonyl-compunds
