Презентация, доклад по лингвострановеденияю Велибритании Early History of Great Britain

Ireland were inhabited by tribes speaking Celtic languages.

about 1200 BC. Between 500 and 250 BC, they were the most powerful people north of Alps. Originally they were pagan, with priests known as Druids.

conquest of Gaul, decided to invade Britain. His objective is not known for certain; however, it is believed by some scholars that he wanted to discourage the Celts of Britain from going to the assistance of their kinsmen in Gaul, should those conquered Celts want to throw off Roman control.

Roman colony called Britannia.

cities in Bath, Chester and York. The cities contained beautiful buildings, squares and public baths. Fine villas were built for Celtic aristocrats who accepted Roman rule.

Iceni, the tribe led by Queen Boudicca, destroyed three cities, including London. The Romans stopped the rebellion brutally and Boudicca killed herself.

a result, in AD 122, Emperor Hadrian built a long wall to defend the border between England and Scotland. Hadrian's Wall was overrun several times by Scottish tribes and was finally abandoned in AD 383. By then, the Roman Empire was collapsing and the Roman legions had left Britain to fight the tribes on the continent.

tribes came from what is now northern Germany, Holland and Denmark. The first to come were the Saxons, joined later by the Jutes and Angles. The Angles gave England its name.

languages with them. Celtic languages have disappeared from most of Europe, but are still spoken in parts of Wales, Ireland and Scotland.

who came from Norway, mainly settled in Scotland and Ireland.

and furs as far as Russia. In 1016, England became part of the Scandinavian empire under King Cnut. He was a good king and a strong ruler. Under his rule England prospered.

the south. In September, King Harold II marched north to defeat his half-brother, the king of Norway, at the Battle of Stamford Bridge. Just three weeks later, he himself was defeated and killed at Hastings by another invader of Viking origin, William Duke of Norway, from northern France.

king of England, establishing a new Anglo-Norman state. England became a strong, centralized country under military rule. Castles appeared all over England to enforce Norman rule.

make sure the English people did not rebel. The Normans' power was absolute and the language of the new rulers, Norman-French, has held a lasting effect on English.

first Tudor king in 1485 is called the Middle Ages. During the Middle Ages the King and the nobles lived in castles they built as headquarters for ruling the country and for attacking each other.

to Britain. Henry was a strong king, but thought that the church was getting too powerful. Because of this Archbishop Thomas Becket was murdered in his cathedral at Canterbury. The church made Becket a saint, St Thomas of Canterbury.

nobles, so they rebelled and forced him to sign Magna Carta in 1215.

even the king had to obey the law.

large part of France, said that he was entitled to be king of all of France as well as king of England. This caused a war that lasted on and off until 1453, and is called the Hundred Years War.

English crown. In 1455 civil wars later called the Wars of the Roses began. A white rose was the badge of the Yorkists, and their opponents the Lancastrians came to be symbolised by a red rose. Both sides' leaders were descended from King Edward III, and both sides said their candidate should be king. Most English nobles took one side or the other. The wars ended in 1485 when the Yorkist King Richard III was defeated at the Battle of Bosworth, and the Welshman Henry VII, the first of the Tudors, came to the throne of England. The Wars of the Roses ended when the Welshman Henry Tudor united both sides and became Henry VII, the first Tudor king of England

father died in 1509

his wife Catherine of Aragon did not produce one he tried to divorce her. The pope would not give him a divorce, so Henry made himself the head of a new church called the Anglican Church, or the Church of England, and got his divorce that way. Henry had six wives, one after the other.

VI in 1547. But the protestant Edward died when he was only 15, and he was succeeded by Queen Mary I, his catholic half-sister. Mary married Philip II of Spain and wanted to make England a Roman Catholic country again. She persecuted protestants just as Edward had persecuted catholics.

reign sailors went on amazing voyages of exploration and the first colonies were founded in North America. Many great writers lived during Elizabeth's reign, including William Shakespeare, who is still known as the world's greatest playwright.

"make windows into men's souls" and was a bit more tolerant than most monarchs in those days. In 1588 Spain sent an Armada, or fleet of warships, to invade England, but it was defeated before it could reach the British coast. Elizabeth never married, and was known as the Virgin Queen. The state of Virginia is named after her.