Презентация, доклад на тему Флеш диски на английском языке. 7 класс.

memory
The service life of the flash memory
USB

erasure allowed a simple and clear idea of ​​the Japanese Fujio Masuoka: programming insulated gate one by one and wash - groups (blocks), sometimes in advance. This concept has been called Flash by analogy with the flash when taking pictures. The name of a colleague suggested Masuoka - Mr. Ariizumi, who was struck by the speed of the block erase operation.
Officer Fujio Masuoka from Toshiba in 1980 on its own behalf filed a patent application, the essence of which was to maintain a simultaneous block of memory pages, which was subsequently called flash technology. Only four years later (in 1984), Fujio Masuoka was able to present the first prototype of the flash memory at the International Conference electronics developers (International Electronics Developers Meeting) in San Diego (USA).

in a chain. In this case, the logical organization of memory called NAND (Not AND). Either the memory cells can be connected in parallel and receive the logical circuit NOR (Not OR, NOR).

NOR architecture for programming commonly used injection process is "hot" electrons (hot-electron injection), and to erase - tunnel transition mechanism of Fowler-Nordheim (Fowler-Nordheim tunneling). In the NAND type memory tunnel junction is used as the electrons for programming and for erasing.

The logical
organization
of memory

the bank's own flash memory pages using a special controller configured as a single chip or on-chip flash memory.

Flash memory controller is needed to align the output interface with an external memory chip bus. Each page in the flash memory bank comprises a work area and a service part for recording control codes and redundancy memory cells working.

In addition to the functions typical of any controller, the controller tries to eliminate the main drawback of flash memory - a limit on the number of P / E operations (program / erase). For this purpose, a so-called wear leveling (wear leveling), which eliminates the permanent record in the primary memory blocks and evenly distribute operations across the memory bank, thereby increasing the overall service life.

flash memory device is not critical, since the flash drive become outdated (or lost) before the alleged life of completion (2 to 3 years for low-end models, or up to 5 to 7 years for the upper price range).
Data Retention without external influences, ie "clean" storage time without erasing / programming operations are quite high. For example, for the flash memory chips Samsung it exceeds 10 years, the results of tests at an elevated temperature. However, the number of read cycles between successive erasing operations (data retention) for standard models is 1 million. (SLC) and 100 thousand. (MLC). Data Retention between erase operations indicated for the nominal temperature range, but it should be noted that this figure will almost exponentially decreases with increasing temperature, so it is highly undesirable to exceed the stated maximum temperature.

5. The crystal oscillator reference frequency, 6. LED-indicator (Now, however, many USB flash drives do not have it), 7. write-protect switch (similar, in many flash drives available), 8 room for additional memory chips.

USB
KEY ELEMENTS USB-FLASH DRIVE:

V. developed USB back in 1996, since then, this technology has become a standard way to connect to a computer. Mouse, printer, scanner, portable memory drives, game consoles and many other external devices use this technology. To date, sold more than 10 billion. USB-devices.

What is USB ?

3.0 (or SuperSpeed ​​USB) with a very high rate of speed and performance. The main difference from USB 3.0 USB 2.0 - this is of course speed. USB 2.0 in theory should have a speed of 480 Mbit / s. but, in reality, it does not reach 250 Mbit / sec. SuperSpeed ​​USB can achieve a theoretical maximum speed of 4.8 Gb / s, which exceeds the speed USB 2.0 tenfold.

The second important difference - this increase in current up to 900 mA in USB 3.0, which is clearly superior to USB 2.0 with its 500 mA. This makes it possible to feed from one hub more devices, or even to get rid of the individual power supplies.

What is USB 3.0?

twisted pairs into two more, which lead to thickening of the wire. New contacts are located separately from the old, in another contact number. Cable SuperSpeed ​​USB can be distinguished by looking at the contacts. For this reason, new cables are thicker and less flexible, and (necessarily) more expensive. All this affected the maximum cable length. Recommended cable for use with USB 2.0. 5 meters. SuperSpeed ​​USB cable is limited to a maximum of 3 meters. However, the cable will have a special coating that prevents the interference of electromagnetic fields.

LARGEST SIZE FLASH-MEMORIES

this flash drive.

THE MAGIC PLACE

the device is capable of producing about five million operations per second, and average speed of one operation is only 0.07 seconds. HyperStor-6200 is used to work in corporations and is a pretty impressive unit which is not something in his pocket, even in a bag will not fit. However, it can also be considered a flash card, but with a very big stretch.

HyperStor-6200 100 TB

The most common flash drive 256 GB

standard of the types to memories.
MMC (on angel. Multimedia Card): card in format MMC has a small size - 24х32х1,4 mm. is Designed together by companies SanDisk and Siemens.
RS-MMC (on angel. Reduced Size Multimedia Card): card to memories, which on length of the standard card MMC twice as little.
DV-RS-MMC (on angel. Dual Voltage Reduced Size Multimedia Card): cards to memories DV-RS-MMC with double feeding (1,8 and 3,3 In) differ lowered энергопотреблением that will allow to work the mobile telephone little long.
MMCmicro: tiny card to memories for mobile device with size 14х12х1,1 mm. For provision of compatibility with standard slot MMC necessary to use special переходник.
SD Card (on angel. Secure Digital Card): is supported company SanDisk, Panasonic and Toshiba. The Standard SD is a further development of the standard MMC.
SDHC (on angel. SD High Capacity, SD high capacity): Old cards SD (SD 1.0, SD 1.1) and new SDHC (SD 2.0) and device of their reading differ the restriction on maximum capacity of the carrier, 4 Gb for SD and 32 Gb for SDHC.
miniSD (on angel. Mini Secure Digital Card): smaller size 21,5х20х1,4 mm. differ From
standard cards Secure Digital For ensuring the functioning(working) the card in device,
equiped usual SD-slot, is used adapter.
microSD (on angel. Micro Secure Digital Card): in 2011 are a most compact
withdrawable device flash-memories (11х15х1 mm). They Are Used, in the first place, in mobile telephone, communicator and t. p., since, due to its compactness, allow greatly to increase the memory a device, not enlarging herewith his(its) sizes.
Memory Stick Duo: given standard to memories was developed and supported company Sony. The Body it is enough strong.
Memory Stick Micro (M2): given format is a rival of the format microSD (on size), saving advantage of the cards to memories Sony.
xD-Picture Card: card are used in digital photo device of the companies Olympus, Fujifilm and some others.

GLOSSARY