Презентация, доклад на тему Затоги в английском языке

залог
подлежащее само совершает действие

Страдательный залог
над подлежащим производится действие

compare

Millions of people read this magazine.
Mary translated the article.

We will finish this work tomorrow.

This magazine is read by millions of people.
The article was translated by Mary.
This work will be finished tomorrow.

Пассивный залог используется, когда нам более важен объект действия, а не тот, кто его совершил.
При этом объект или предмет, над которым совершалось действие, встаёт на место подлежащего.

Leo Tolstoy wrote the novel “War and Peace”.

The novel “War and Peace”
was written by Leo Tolstoy.

Лев Толстой написал роман «Война и мир»

Роман «Война и мир»
был написан Львом Толстым.

которого было совершено действие

Mary painted the fence with a special brush.

The fence was painted
by Mary.

The fence was painted
with a special brush.

London was completely destroyer by fire in1666.
Many beautiful museums in London are often visited by tourists.

The cheese was cut with a special knife.
Our furniture is cleaned only with a special substance.

to
take care of
laugh at
look at
look after
look for
listen to
make fun of
rely on
depend on

send for
speak of/about
talk about
think of
provide for
explain to
pay for
be rich in
be proud of/ take pride in
be responsible for

Be careful!!!

A Funny Story:

The flowers were watered by her yesterday. (Past Simple)
The flowers will be watered by him tomorrow. (Future Simple)
The flowers are being washed now. (Present Progressive)
The flowers were being washed yesterday at 5. (Past Progres)
The flowers have been washed already. (Present Perfect)
The flowers had been washed before you came. (Past Perfect)
The flowers will have been washed tomorrow by 8. (Future Perfect)

BE + V 3

Passive Voice

очень часто.
The books are taken very often.
Бабушку навещают по выходным.
Granny is visited on weekends.
Животных кормят дважды в день.
Animals are fed twice a day.
Дом убирают каждый день.
The house is cleaned every day.

встречают на вокзале.
Grandfather is being met at the station.
Ёлку сейчас украшают.
Christmas tree is being decorated now.
Автомобили сейчас моют.
The cars are being washed now.
Костер сейчас разводят.
The campfire is being made.
Меня как раз поздравляет мой брат.
I am being congratulated by my brother.

V3

вымыли.
The windows have already been washed.
Малыша только что накормили.
The baby has just been fed.
Палатки уже поставили.
The tents have already been put up.
Компьютер уже включили.
The computer has already been switched on.
Домашняя работа уже сделана.
The homework has already been done.

V3

книгу читали.
The book was read yesterday.
Картину писали на прошлой неделе.
The picture was painted last week.
Собаку искали в приюте для бездомных животных.
The dog was looked for in the rescue house.

В прошлом году музей посетило 16 тысяч посетителей.

+ being + V3

was being printed.
Проблема обсуждалась, когда он пришел.
The problem was being discussed when he came.
Дом строился, когда родился ребенок.
The house was being built when the child was born.

+ V3

had been built by the time they came back.
Машина была куплена к Рождеству.
The car had been bought by Christmas.
Письмо было дописано к вечеру.
The letter had been written by the evening.
Текст был переведен до того как пришел учитель.
The text had been translated before the teacher came.

25 декабря.
Christmas will be celebrated on the 25 of December.
Факс отправят завтра.
The fax will be sent tomorrow.
Фильм покажут по каналу ВВС.
The film will be shown on the BBC Chanel.
Хоккейный матч состоится завтра.
The Hokey match will be held tomorrow.

+ V3

done by 2 p.m.
Торт испекут к дню рождения.
The cake will have been baked by his birthday.
Письмо доставят через неделю.
The letter will have been delivered in a week.
Дерево посадят завтра к вечеру.
The tree will have been planted
tomorrow by the evening