Презентация, доклад Тема экологии в рамках подготовки к итоговой государственной аттестации по английскому языку (II часть).

языку...(часть II)

Учитель: Зайченко Е.Г.
ГБОУ № 471

around us. Some people live in towns, other in the country. There are a lot of ecological problems. The most serious ecological problems are: noise from cars and buses; destruction of wildlife and countryside beauty; shortage of natural resources; the growth of population; pollution in its many forms.
Environmental pollution is contamination of air, water and land from man-made waste . Pollution leads to depletion of the ozone layer, global warming and climate change.
Air pollution is the release of chemicals and particles into the atmosphere. Air pollution influences the health of people. For example: ultraviolet radiation from the sun can cause skin cancer. Normally the ozone layer in the atmosphere protects us from such radiation, but if there are holes in the ozone layer ultraviolet radiation can get to the earth.
Water pollution includes surface runoff, leakage into groundwater, liquid spills, wastewater discharge and littering. If toxins are spilled on the ground, soil can become contaminated. Well known contaminants include herbicides and pesticides . Toxic waste is waste material, often in chemical form, which pollutes the natural environment and contaminates groundwater. 
Another problem is growth of population. People don’t have enough places to live. They need more water, more food. So it is the reason of the shortage of the natural resources. It is very difficult to solve this problem.
Also one of the most serious problems is green house effect. It works like this: sunlight gives us heat. Some of the heat warms the atmosphere and some of the heat goes back into space. Nowadays the heat can’t go into space. That’s why winter and summer temperatures in many places have become higher. If the temperature continues growing up, the snow and ice in the mountains will melt, so the most of the earth will be under water.
Every person has to understand how important it is to solve ecological problems. We should try to make less rubbish. A lot of materials such as plastic, paper, glass and metal can be recycled. We have to use refillable pens and long lasting bags. We ought to save energy: that means we should close doors in winters and turn the lights out. Saving water is also very important: we have to watch out of the dripping taps. We should also stop making unnecessary car journeys to cut down air pollution. Instead of that we could walk, use bicycles, scooters or public transport when it’s possible.
Governments can pass laws to stop companies from destroying rainforests. We can create parks for endangered species of animals. People should use natural resources in a rational way and look for alternative sources of energy such as wind and solar energy. 
The Earth is our home and we should protect and save it for ourselves and for the future generations.

[kən'tæmɪneɪtɪd] заражённый, загрязнённый
contaminants [kən'tæmɪnənts] загрязняющие вещества
herbicides ['hɜːbɪsaɪdz] гербициды
pesticides ['pestɪsaɪdz] пестициды
Toxic ['tɔksɪk] chemical ['kemɪk(ə)l]
heat [hiːt]
lasting ['lɑːstɪŋ] продолжительный, прочный
recycle [ˌri:'saɪkl] повторно использовать
lasting ['lɑːstɪŋ] продолжительный, прочный
ought [ɔːt] должны
unnecessary [ʌn'nesəsərɪ] лишний, ненужный
cut down сократить
endangered [ɪn'deɪnʤəd] находящийся под угрозой исчезновения
species ['spiːʃiːz] виды
rational ['ræʃ(ə)n(ə)l]
alternative [ɔːl'tɜːnətɪv] альтернативные sources [sɔːsɪz] источники
generations [ˌʤenə'reɪʃənz] поколения

mankind [ˌmæn'kaɪnd] человечество
environment [ɪn'vaɪər(ə)nmənt] окружающая среда
destruction [dɪ'strʌkʃn] разрушение
wildlife ['waɪldlaɪf] живая природа
countryside ['kʌntrɪsaɪd] beauty ['bjuːtɪ]
shortage ['ʃɔːtɪʤ] недостаток
natural ['næʧərəl] resources [rɪ'zɔːsɪz]
growth [grəuθ] рост
contamination [kənˌtæmɪ'neɪʃn] загрязнение
waste [weɪst] отходы
depletion [dɪ'pliːʃn] истощение
layer ['leɪə] слой
warming ['wɔːmɪŋ] потепление
climate ['klaɪmət]
release [rɪ'liːs] выброс
chemicals ['kemɪklz] химикаты
particles ['pɑːtɪklz]частицы
ultraviolet [ˌʌltrə'vaɪələt] radiation [ˌreɪdɪ'eɪʃ(ə)n]
cancer ['kænsə] рак
cause [kɔːz]
atmosphere ['ætməsfɪə]
surface ['sɜːfɪs] runoff ['rʌnɔf] поверхностный сток
leakage ['liːkɪʤ] просачивание
groundwater [gra͟ʊndwɔːtə(r)] грунтовые воды, подземные воды l
iquid ['lɪkwɪd] жидкость
spills[spɪlz] разлив
wastewater сточные воды

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