Презентация, доклад по английскому языку по теме История Великобритании

Homo sapiens arrived around 29,000 years ago.

lived in central and northern Europe from around 750 BC to 12 BC
There were many
tribes of Celts, speaking
a common language.

Celtic Calendar

by
the Celtic people known as Britons.
Britons used iron tools.
People live on hunting, fishing and farming.

by the Roman Empire between AD 43 and about 410.
The Romans called their province as Britannia.

The Lunt Fort near Coventry,
a reconstructed Roman fort

looking for riches – land, slaves, and most of all, iron, lead, zinc, copper, silver and gold.

transport goods between Britain
and the Continent.
The Romans built the town of Londinium around the river's main crossing point.

(Manchester, Winchester, Newcastle), roads, bridges, baths,
water pipes, “central heating” in houses.

The Romans spoke and wrote in Latin and many of English words are based on Latin words.
Christianity
The Romans introduced Christianity to Britain

The Calendar we use today is more than 2,000 years old.
The names of our months are taken from the names of Roman gods and rulers.

Laws and a legal system came originally from the Roman Empire.

attack from 'barbarians‘.
The last Roman soldiers left Britain in AD 410.
Anglo-Saxons tribes
invaded Britain.
They were a mixture of people from north Germany, Denmark and northern Holland.

Anglo-Saxons were also
farmers and sailors.
They built wooden ships
with oars and sailed
to settle in new lands.

('cyning' - 'king‘).
Each king ruled a kingdom and led a small army.
There were many quarrels and wars between kings, to see who was the strongest.

Reconstruction of a helmet buried in Satton-Hu the king of East Anglia
(approximately 625)

Anglo-Saxon kingdoms

They were Kent, Northumbria, Mercia, Wessex, East Anglia.

came across the North Sea and attacked Britain from Denmark and Norway.
Vikings were great travelers and sailed to other parts of Europe, where they traded, raided, searched for better land for their farms and often settled.

made of wood or stone. There were usually one room with a cooking fire
in the middle.
People and animals lived in the same building.

different gods, but there were
3 that were especially important.
Odin, the leader of the gods, god of knowledge and war
Thor, provided protection from cold, hunger, giants and other dangers.
Freya, goddess of love and beauty.

The battle between Odin and terrible Fenrir - the World Wolf

Leif Erickson
(with a command of 35 persons)
was
the first European who reached
the North America in 1000.

AD
but allows them to settle in Eastern England (the Kingdoms of York and East Anglia)

This area on England becomes known as Danelaw and is ruled by the Viking King Guthrum.

king ALFRED THE GREAT

English history was over when King Edward lll of England died on January 5, 1066.
(He was called "The Confessor" because he built Westminster Abbey)

at East Sussex.
They fought with the English army led by Harold II.
William's army was stronger and won
the Battle of Hastings (14 October 1066).

Duke of Normandy.
The Normans came from Normandy in Northern France.
They were originally Vikings from Scandinavia.

the title 'Conqueror‘) was crowned King in Westminster Abbey
on Christmas Day 1066.

The king was governed the whole country, and his rule
was the law.

the great fortress which demonstrated
his power and
dominated the city
of London.

The Domesday Book.
It was the first
national census.
It was a royal survey
of all England for administration and
tax purposes.

were a period of massive social changes, conflicts, terrible natural disaster (the plague).

THE MIDDLE AGES

population (more then 2 million people).

It was the Renaissance period:
the culture blossoming;
the formation of an absolutism;
active participation in the European policy;
the beginning of colonization
of America ( the end of XV century);
the sea victory over Spanish «Invincible armada» in 1588.

The Tudor Rose of England.

the most famous of English writers lived in England that time.

(born 23 April 1564 – died 23 April 1616)

Act of Supremacy.
King Henry III became
the Head of Church.

colonies founded; pirates on the high seas;
Great Plaque of London / 100.000 people died.
Great fire of London - 90% of the City destroyed.
The Acts of Union joined the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland into a single Kingdom of Great Britain.
War with France brought victory at Trafalgar and Waterloo, and gave Britain control of the seas.
During the reign of the Stuarts, Scotland developed from a poor and feudal country into a prosperous and centralized state.

the Parliament of England.
The English Civil War (1641–1651) was a number of armed conflicts between Parliamentarians and Royalists.
Oliver Cromwell was an English military and political leader , who defeated the royalists in the English Civil War.
King Charles I was beheaded , the monarchy was abolished and a republic was declared. It was called the Commonwealth of England.
Oliver Cromwell conquered Ireland and Scotland, and ruled as Lord Protector from 1653 until his death in 1658.
Charles's son, Charles II, became king after the restoration of the monarchy in 1660.

Charles I

Oliver Cromwell

20 June 1837 until her death on the 22nd of January 1901.
Her reign lasted 63 years and 7 months, longer than that of any other British monarch before or since.
The Victorian period was a time of industrial, political, scientific and military progress within the United Kingdom.

in 1851 to 30.5 million in 1901.
Ireland’s population reduced
from 8.2 million in 1841 to less
than 4.5 million in 1901.
Around 15 million emigrants left the United Kingdom and settled mostly
in the United States, Canada,
and Australia.

Victorian Britain

Union Jack,
is the national flag of the United Kingdom.

son, Edward, became the King of the United Kingdom (1901 - 1910).
Edward played a great role in the reorganization of the Royal Navy and the British army.
He fostered good relations between Great Britain and other European countries.
But his relationship with his nephew, Wilhelm II of Germany, was poor. Edward suspected that Wilhelm would plan a war, and four years after Edward's death, World War I brought an end to the Edwardian way of life.

King Edward VII

and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 1910 until 1936.
He was the first British monarch of the House of Windsor, which he created from the British branch of the German House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.
His reign witnessed the rise of socialism, communism, fascism, Irish republicanism, all of which radically changed the political spectrum.

United Kingdom and the British Dominions
from 1936 until 1952.
He came into history as a symbol of struggle of Great Britain against Nazi Germany in the Second World War.
George's reign is marked by disintegration of British Empire and its transformation to Commonwealth of the nations.
He was the last Emperor of India (until 1947), the last King of Ireland (until 1949),
and the first Head of the Commonwealth.

George VI

more than 50 years the queen has carried out her political duties as head of state.
In 2002, Elizabeth celebrated her golden jubilee (50 years on the throne) and in 2006 her 80th birthday.

England

live our noble Queen,
God save the Queen:
Send her victorious,
Happy and glorious,
Long to reign over us:
God save the Queen.

O Lord, our God, arise,
Scatter her enemies,
And make them fall.
Confound their politics,
Frustrate their knavish tricks,
On Thee our hopes we fix,
God save us all.

Thy choicest gifts in store,
On her be pleased to pour;
Long may she reign:
May she defend our laws,
And ever give us cause
To sing with heart and voice
God save the Queen.

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