Презентация, доклад по английскому языку на тему Quantum computer

exist (1 petaflops = 1 thousand trillion operations per second). However, sooner or later we will be pushing into the physical limit of the possible power of the processors. Of course, supercomputers will still be able to grow in size, but this is not a solution, since the dimensions will ever reach their limits. According to scientists, Moore’s law will soon cease to be fulfilled and humanity will need new, much more powerful devices and data processing technologies. Therefore, already now, large IT companies are working on the creation of a completely new revolutionary type of computers, the capacities of which will be hundreds of times higher than those we have today. This is a quantum computer.

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of quantum mechanics (quantum superposition, quantum entanglement) to transmit and process data.

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1980.

One of the first models of a quantum computer was proposed. By Richard Feynman in 1981. Soon Paul Benioff described the theoretical foundations of building such a computer.

Yuri Manin

Paul Benioff

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bits, capable of accepting either 0 or 1, but qubits, which have both 0 and 1 values ​​simultaneously. Theoretically, this allows all possible states to be processed at the same time, achieving significant superiority over conventional computers in a number of algorithms.

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of 4 characters. A common processor will hack it by a simple search from 0000 to 9999. If we have a quantum PC with 14 qubits, we already know the password: after all, one of the possible states of such a system is the password! As a result, all tasks that even supercomputers nowadays consider to be solved instantly on quantum systems.

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a qubit to exist in a state of superposition indefinitely, extremely specific conditions are needed:
full vacuum (no other particles)
temperature closest to zero in Kelvin (for superconductivity)
complete absence of electromagnetic radiation (for lack of influence on the quantum system)
during interaction, the qubit lifetime decreases dramatically

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they are not real quantum computers, because they do not use the principles of quantum entanglement, therefore they cannot work using classical quantum algorithms.

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the high cost, complexity of production and exploitation.

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a quantum computer will allow decrypting messages encrypted with the widely used RSA cryptographic algorithm. Until now, this algorithm is considered relatively reliable, since the effective method of decomposing numbers into prime factors for a classical computer is currently unknown.

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learning needs. They manipulate large amounts of data in a single pass and are able to simulate a neural network of exponential size.

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it will be possible to accurately simulate molecular interactions and chemical reactions. Chemical reactions are quantum in nature. For classic computers, only relatively simple molecules can be calculated. According to experts, modeling on quantum computers opens up new prospects for the development of the chemical industry, in particular, when creating medicines.

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a factor of a thousand and a thousand times more difficult to manufacture and operate. So quantum computers will not be available very soon.

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