Презентация, доклад Артикли в английском языке

English Grammar“There is no article without a noun, but there are some nouns without articles.” One who knows grammar.

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Articles
Presentation for the lesson of English.

2015
Pogrominskey

technical school
2008 - 2009


ArticlesPresentation for the lesson of English. 2015Pogrominskey technical school2008 - 2009

Слайд 2English Grammar
“There is no article
without a noun,
but there are

some
nouns without
articles.”
One who knows grammar.
English Grammar“There is no article without a noun, but there are some nouns without articles.”	One who knows

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Countable and uncountable nouns.
A noun can be:




You

can use a/an with singular
countable nouns:
a sofa a pupil a stick

You cannot use a/an with uncountable
nouns: sand salt pepper
But you can use a … of:
a drop of water a game of golf


You can use plural countable nouns
alone: I like plums.
Letters will be received.

You can use uncountable nouns
alone (without the/my/some etc.):
People need salt.
They still don’t have electricity.

You can use some and any with plural
countable nouns: I got some keys.
Did you see any birds outside?

You can use some and any with
uncountable nouns:
They gave some blood. We don’t have
any space left.

We use many and few with plural
countable nouns:
We didn’t have many pictures.
I have a few papers to sign.

We use much and little with
uncountable nouns:
We have much work to do.
They had a little petrol left.





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Countable and uncountable nouns.    A noun can be:You can use a/an with singular countable

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Countable and uncountable nouns.
Nouns that can be:
A

potato or potato?

I’m peeling the potatoes.
Sue baked a cake for David.
Nancy was eating an apple.
Someone threw a stone at the police.
There is a hair on your shirt.

Would you like some potato?
Have some cake!
Is there apple in this salad?
The house is built of stone.
I must brush my hair.

A sport or sport?

Rugby is a sport. (=a particular sport)
That’s a nice painting over there!
We heard a sudden noise outside.
John Lennon had an interesting life.

Do you like sport? (=sport in general)
Jim is good at painting.
Constant noise can make you ill.
Life is complicated sometimes.

Some nouns can be countable or uncountable.

Often the countable noun is specific, and the uncountable is more general.

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Countable and uncountable nouns.    Nouns that can be:A potato or potato?I’m peeling the potatoes.Sue

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A/an and the
A\an goes only with singular noun.
He left a case.
(singular)
He

left some cases.
(plural)
He left some luggage.
(uncountable)

The goes both with
singular and plural
and uncountable nouns.
He needed the case.
(singular)
He needed the cases.
(plural)
He needed the luggage.
(uncountable)


When the story first mentions smth the noun has a or an.

But when the same thing is mentioned again, the noun has the.

A/an and theA\an goes only with singular noun.He left a case.(singular)He left some cases.(plural)He left some luggage.(uncountable)The

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A/an and the
We use a/an + someone/something when we aren’t saying

which one.
A man booked into a hotel.
He left a case behind.

We use the + noun or he/she/it when we know which one.
He didn’t return to the hotel.
The case contained clothes.

A/an and theWe use a/an + someone/something when we aren’t saying which one.A man booked into a

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A/an and the
We use a/an and the when we aren’t saying

which one, and we use the when we know which one.
A tourist arrived in Cheltenham to look around the town.

When there is only one thing in the context , we use the. We normally say:
the country, the earth, the environment, the government, the moon, the ozone layer, the Prime Minister, the sea, the sky, the sun, the weather, the cinema, the theatre, the newspaper, the police.

A/an and theWe use a/an and the when we aren’t saying which one, and we use the

Слайд 8BIG BEN

BIG BEN

Слайд 10WESTMINSTER ABBEY

WESTMINSTER ABBEY

Слайд 11Buckingham Palace

Buckingham Palace

Слайд 12VICTORIA MEMORIAL

VICTORIA MEMORIAL

Слайд 14ST.PAUL’S CATHEDRAL

ST.PAUL’S CATHEDRAL

Слайд 15THE CITY

THE CITY

Слайд 16TOWER BRIDGE

TOWER BRIDGE

Слайд 19TRAFALGAR SQUARE

TRAFALGAR SQUARE

Слайд 22GREEN PARK

GREEN PARK

Слайд 24ST.JAMES'S PARK

ST.JAMES'S PARK

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HYDE PARK

HYDE PARK

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GREENWICH

GREENWICH

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A/an and the
We use a/an to describe something:
It was a lovely

day.
to classify something:
The play was a comedy.
to say what someone’s job is:
Nick is a car salesman.

But we use the with a superlative.
It’s the biggest hotel in town.
This is the best photo.

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A/an and theWe use a/an to describe something:It was a lovely day.to classify something:The play was a

Слайд 31The + plurals and uncountables
We use plurals and uncountables without

the with general meaning:

We use plurals and uncountables with the with specific meaning:

Cars are expensive to buy.

The cars had both broken down.

We saw the elephants in the zoo.

Elephants are intelligent animals.

I don’t understand computers.

The computers crashed at work.

You always need money.

Mary put the money in her purse.

Oil is used in every machine around.

Look at the oil on your sweater.

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The + plurals and uncountables We use plurals and uncountables without the with general meaning:We use plurals

Слайд 32The + plurals and uncountables
We use plurals and uncountables without

the with general meaning:

We use plurals and uncountables with the with specific meaning:

In bed, go to bed
(to rest or sleep)

Sit on the bed,
make the bed

In the house, to the house, in the home

At home, go home, come home, leave home

At sea (=sailing),
Go to sea (as a sailor)

On the sea, by the sea, at the seaside, on the coast

In town, go into town, leave town

The town center, the city, the village

At work, go to work, leave work

The office,
the factory

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The + plurals and uncountables We use plurals and uncountables without the with general meaning:We use plurals

Слайд 33Articles with phrases of time
Phrases of time are usually without

a/an or the.
We are meeting on Friday for lunch.

But we use a/an or the if there is a phrase or clause after Friday, lunch, etc.
It was the Friday before she went to Australia.
We normally use article if there is an adjective.
We had a good lunch.

Years, seasons, months.

I was born in 1986.
We play cricket in summer.
Winter always depresses me.
I will start the course
in September.

That was the year
I was born.
It was the winter of 1995
when things started to go
wrong for the company.

Articles with phrases of time Phrases of time are usually without a/an or the. We are meeting

Слайд 34Articles with phrases of time
Special times.
We go away at Christmas.
Easter

is early this year.
I’ll be home for Thanksgiving.

We had a wonderful
Christmas.
I started work here the
Easter before last.

Phrases of time are usually without a/an or the.
We are meeting on Friday for lunch.

But we use a/an or the if there is a phrase or clause after Friday, lunch, etc.
It was the Friday before she went to Australia.
We normally use article if there is an adjective.
We had a good lunch.

Articles with phrases of time Special times.We go away at Christmas.Easter is early this year.I’ll be home

Слайд 35Articles with phrases of time
Days of the week.
Yes, Thursday will

be
convenient.
I’ll see you on Tuesday
evening.

The storm was on the
Thursday of that week.
We went surfing at the
weekend.

Phrases of time are usually without a/an or the.
We are meeting on Friday for lunch.

But we use a/an or the if there is a phrase or clause after Friday, lunch, etc.
It was the Friday before she went to Australia.
We normally use article if there is an adjective.
We had a good lunch.

Articles with phrases of time Days of the week.Yes, Thursday will be

Слайд 36Articles with phrases of time
Parts of the day and night.
I

can’t sleep at night.
I prefer to travel by day.
I must get to bed before
midnight.
We were at the beach at
sunset.
I hope to get there
before dark.

It’s warmer
in the day.
Someone got up in the night.
We’re meeting in the morning.
They arrived at the hotel in
the evening.
It was a beautiful sunset.
I couldn’t see in the
dark.

Phrases of time are usually without a/an or the.
We are meeting on Friday for lunch.

But we use a/an or the if there is a phrase or clause after Friday, lunch, etc.
It was the Friday before she went to Australia.
We normally use article if there is an adjective.
We had a good lunch.

Articles with phrases of time Parts of the day and night.I can’t sleep at night.I prefer to

Слайд 37Articles with phrases of time
Meals.
Phrases of time are usually without

a/an or the.
We are meeting on Friday for lunch.

But we use a/an or the if there is a phrase or clause after Friday, lunch, etc.
It was the Friday before she went to Australia.
We normally use article if there is an adjective.
We had a good lunch.

I’ll see you at breakfast.
We have supper at about 8.
I’m going out after lunch.

We had a quick breakfast.
The supper David cooked
was excellent.
The meal was very nice.

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Articles with phrases of time Meals.Phrases of time are usually without a/an or the. We are meeting

Слайд 38Place names with and without the
We do not use “the”

with names of people. The same way, we do not usually use it with names of places:

Continents

Africa

Europe

South America

Islands

Cyprus

Majorca

Rhode Island

Countries

Russia

Germany

Switzerland

States, regions

Alaska

Siberia

Central Africa

Cities, towns,
Suburbs, villages

Moscow

Helsinki

Los Angeles

Mountains, hills.

Everest

Etna

North Hill


The Netherlands, the USA, the Canary Islands (plurals)

Republic (the Irish republic), kingdom (the United Kingdom), federation (the Rus.Fed.)



The West, the Rivera, the Middle East, the Midlands, the South of France


Plural islands with “the” : the Bermuda Islands


The Hague, the Bronx, the West End of London


Hill ranges and mount ranges have the: the Alps, the Rockies

Place names with and without the We do not use “the” with names of people. The same

Слайд 39Place names with and without the
We do not use “the”

with names of people. The same way, we do not usually use it with names of places:

Lakes

Lake Michigan

Coniston Water

Stations, airports,
Important buildings

Waterloo
(station)

Orly (airport)

Merton college
Lambeth museum

Roads, streets,
Squares, parks

Morgan Rd,

Fifth avenue

Central park

Bridges

Tower Bridge

Brooklyn Bridge

Theatres, cinemas,
Hotels, galleries

possessives
St.Martin’s theater

In the US names with center
Lincoln center

Shops,
restaurants

Bloomingdale’s
(shopping center)

Matilda’s
restaurant


Exceptions: the High street, The Avenue, The Strand, The Mall

Main and numbered roads have “the”: the Bath road, the A5, the M6



Exceptions: the Golden Gate Bridge, the Severn Bridge (=the bridge over river Severn)


Exceptions with “of” or with a noun or adj.: the University of York, the White House


But: the Globe (theatre), the Plaza (cinema), the Dorchester (hotel), the Tate (gallery)


Exceptions: names with a noun the Body Shop, the Studio Cafe



Seas, oceans, rivers, canals have “the” (the Atlantic Ocean, the Thames, the Suez)

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Place names with and without the We do not use “the” with names of people. The same

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