Презентация, доклад по английскому языку на тему Modal Verbs (11 класс)

essential. It is a rule. The speaker has decided that sth is necessary (subjective).
e.g. You must stop when the traffic light is red. (that’s the rule).
e.g. I must contact the school for further information. (it is necessary).

when somebody else other than the speaker has decided that sth is necessary (objective).
e.g. I have to wear a uniform at work.

to V– duty/weak obligation, advice, recommendation.
e.g. We should / ought to clear away the mess in the kitchen.

it isn’t necessary to do sth in the present/future (нет необходимости)
e.g. You don’t have to/don’t need to/ needn’t walk the dog.

do sth in the past.
e. g. They didn’t need to/didn’t have to cut any more wood. (it wasn‘t necessary)

что-либо)
e.g. Can/may I use your phone, please? Yes, you can/may.
Mustn’t/can’t V – it is forbidden to do sth; it is against the rules/law; you are not allowed to do sth (запрещено правилами, законом)
e.g. You mustn’t/can’t enter here.

boring.
Could/may/might V – possibility in a specific situation. (present, future)
e.g. She should take a map with her. She might get lost.
Could/might/would have V3 – sth in the past was possible but didn’t happen.
e.g. They could have come with us if they hadn’t missed the train.

fast.
Could V – general repeated ability in the past.
e.g. When he was young he could climb trees.
Was(n’t) able to V – (in)ability on a specific occasion in the past, single action in the past.
e.g. He was able to reach the top of the mountain.



Couldn’t V – any kind of inability in the past, repeated or specific.
e.g. He couldn’t ride a bike when he was two.

be on holiday. (I am sure they are on holiday).
e.g. He must have strained his back. (I am certain)
e.g. The drivers must have been driving too fast.

computer is out of order. It may be broken.
e.g. She was lucky. She could have been killed.

impossible.
e.g. They can’t be at work. (I am sure they are not at work)
e. g. She can’t be doing her homework.
e.g. He can’t have done his exam.

(present).
Could have V3 – e.g. You could have called to cancel it yesterday (past).
Should V– e.g. He should call us back. (present)
Should have V3 - She should have told us. (but she didn’t).
Ought to V– e.g. You ought to be more careful. (I advise you to be more careful).

tea?




Shall I give you a lift?
We can go out. We could watch TV.

to get better tomorrow. (90% certain; future only, it’s probable)

I enter the competition? (asking for advice)