Презентация, доклад Новая Зеландия: рельеф, население, обычаи и традиции

Equator and the South Pole in the southern Pacific Ocean, near the eastern coast of Australia.
New Zealand is an island country with a total area of 268, 680 sq km.
It has no land boundaries. Australia is New Zealander’s nearest western neighbour. These two countries are separated from each other by the Tasman Sea.

three main islands – the North Sea, the South Sea and the Stewart Island. The South Island is separated from the North island by Cook Strait.

The Stewart Island

Cook Strait

The South Sea

offshore islands as the Chatham Islands, Campbell Islands, the Antipode Islands, the Bounty Islands and the Auckland Islands.

The Antipodes Islands

The Kermadec Islands

Chatham Island

The Bounty Island

Campbell Island

hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). So, it is one of the first places in the world to see the new day.

…The Maori people call New Zealand Aotearoa, which is usually translated into English as “The Land of the Long White Cloud”.

…New Zealand is also called “Godzone”, “Pig Isles”, “Shaky Isles”, “Quaky Isles”, “Maoriland” and “Kiwiland”

An interesting historical fact…

The name “New Zealand” came from Dutch cartographers, who called the islands “Nova Zeelandia”, after the Dutch province of Zeeland. British explorer James Cook adapted the name to the English language and the name became New Zealand.

small there are so many beautiful things that attract attention - volcanoes, subtropical rainforests, geysers, fiords, beaches, glaciers and high mountain peaks.
New Zealand lies on the plates that make geological movements. Volcanic action still continues on the islands. Earthquakes are frequent here though they are not so damaging.
The North Island has a number of large active volcanoes, among them is Ruapehu. The last eruptions were here in 1995 and 1996.

Ruapehu

New Zealand is very rich. There are about 2,000 species where 1,500 are endemic (which are only found in this country). It also has some of the oldest trees.
Fauna in this country is also special. Long time ago, without enemies, some birds lost their ability to fly, and some insects became gigantic.


It’s interesting to know…

Before Europeans came to New Zealand there were no predatory animals at all. This was so good for many flightless birds. All wild mammals living in New Zealand at present were imported.

New Zealand’s native animals are found nowhere else in the world:

the kiwi – its egg is about one fifth of its own weight
the kakapo – the world’s largest flightless parrot
the tuatara – the oldest living reptile Tuataras live for 300 years. They can be
traced back 190 million years to the Mesozoic era

kiwi

kakapo

tuatara

the world
the smallest bats in the world – the only native land mammals in New
Zealand
the weta – the heaviest insect in the world (70 gm and 20 cm long)

the weta

New Zealand bat

About one third of the islands is covered with mountains. The Southern Alps run along the western coast of the South Island and are the highest in New Zealand. Mount Cook is the highest mountain there (3, 050 metres above the sea level).

the Southern Alps

Mount Cook

say that the North Island means “beaches” and the South Island means “mountains”

New Zealand’s rivers are mainly short and swift. The longest river is the Waikato. There are many lakes on both islands as well. The North Island’s volcanic interior contains New Zealand’s largest lake. Its name is lake Taupo.

Waikato

Taupo

windy city”. The first European name of the city was “Port Nicholson” named after a captain of the British navy who in 1839 bought the land from the local Maori tribe in exchange for blankets. In 1840 the first settlers arrived from Britain and called this settlement “Britannia”. And “Britannia” later became “Wellington”.

Auckland is New Zealand’s largest city and its former capital. It has a population of over a million people. Auckland was first established as the capital of the British colonial government.
Despite the fact that Auckland is much larger than Wellington it is geographically less central. So, this was the major deciding factor for transferring the capital to Wellington.
Christchurch and Dunedin are two main cities of the South Island. These cities are very much like British ones because of their atmosphere.

– маори, представители полинезийской расы, аборигены Новой Зеландии.

The population of New Zealand is over four million people. It is unevenly distributed. The main part of the population lives on the North Island which is obviously closer to the Equator and warmer. About 50 per cent of the population lives in four cities of Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch and Dunedin.

It’s interesting to know…

Arthur Lydiard, a New Zealander, invented jogging – the method of building physical fitness by increasing stamina gradually through running slowly. Bungee jumping was also invented in New Zealand.

An interesting historical fact…

Before Europeans came to the island, the tribes of Maori did not have the name for themselves. They adopted the name “Maori” meaning “normal” to distinguish themselves from Europeans.

The tribes of Maori are well-known all over the world. The Maori are famous for their folk-songs and wood-work. They are often called “Vikings of Sunrise”.

Zealand is the kiwi – a flightless bird, native to this country.
Kiwi has no tail, almost no wings and is about the size of a large hen. No other bird lays eggs so large in proportion to its size: the egg is about one fifth of its own weigh. It means that in many ways the kiwi does not look like an ordinary bird. It is rare and very much protected.

It’s interesting to know:

The Kiwi as an emblem first appeared in the late 19th century. During World War I the name “kiwi” was used for New Zealand soldiers.

Zealand Flag, the stars of the Southern Cross show country’s location in the South Pacific Ocean. The Union Flag shows that New Zealand was once a British colony.

Australian flags have very much in common. The only difference is that the Australian Flag shows the stars of the Southern Cross in white colour on a blue field while the New Zealand Flag shows the stars in red on a blue field.

anthems of New Zealand and both have equal status. These are “God defend New Zealand” and “God Save the Queen”. The first one is always used on sports occasions.

New Zealand’s coat of arms

to the UK, consists of only one chamber – the House of Representatives. There are 120 members. Its members are elected every three years.
The chief political parties are the Labour Party, the National Party and the New Zealand First Party.

of New Zealand is a mixture of different cultures: British, Aboriginal and other European countries.
Today New Zealanders are highly educated and sophisticated urban dwellers.
There is a cultural phenomenon in New Zealand known as “kiwiana”. You know that New Zealanders are called “kiwis” around the world after the native bird “kiwi”. Now their “kiwi” sense of humor, “kiwi” view of life make up “Kiwiana”, which is all the special things and details that show their national identity, their “kiwi nationhood”.
Kiwifruit, for example, was once known as Chinese gooseberry, but the fact that it was imported from New Zealand made world call this fruit – kiwifruit.

love water. They have a strong passion for ocean- going craft. New Zealanders have won many medals for yachting, windsurfing, kayaking and rowing.