Презентация, доклад на тему Преодоление трудностей при написании эссе: из опыта работы по подготовке учащихся к ЕГЭ

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Учитель английского языка
высшей категории
Казакова Е.Ю.

Муниципальное бюджетное общеобразовательное учреждение
«Средняя общеобразовательная школа №90»

очень много, не зная самого нужного»

Преодоление трудностей при написании эссе:
из опыта работы по подготовке учащихся к ЕГЭ

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Письменная речь – продуктивный вид речевой деятельности.
Письменная речь предполагает комплексное использование графики, орфографии, лексико-грамматических и стилистических средств для выражения мыслей и осуществления письменной коммуникации.
Эссе – прозаическое сочинение небольшого объёма и свободной композиции, которое передаёт индивидуальное мнение по конкретному вопросу и изначально не позиционируется как исчерпывающая трактовка данного предмета (высокий уровень сложности, официальный стиль).

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Цель данной письменной работы – проверить практическое владение письменной речью и страноведческими регалиями – уровнем речевой культуры; умением анализировать прочитанное и аргументировать свою точку зрения по предложенной теме, т.е. решать коммуникативные и языковые задачи.

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“For” and “Against” Essay

Opinion Essay

in the lives of most of us today whether we realize it or not. Some people, however, are beginning to ask if we really need them.
In my opinion, computers have become a necessary part of modern life. In the first place, computers can save a lot of storage space. Storing information on computer discs is one of the most efficient ways of keeping data. One computer disk can hold the same amount of information as several books. Furthermore, computers save everyone a lot of valuable time. Stored information can be found at the touch of a button, whereas searching for it manually takes much longer. Therefore, our everyday lives are made easier – from going to the bank to the bank to doing the shopping.
Nevertheless, there are those who claim that computers are unnecessary and make our lives more complicated. They argue that in the past we managed very well using other methods and we have become too dependent on computers.
I strongly disagree with these opponents because, they fail to consider that the time saved by using computers for repetitive tasks enables us to use our own time more creatively and productively.
All in all, I believe that computers are a useful tool. They have changed our lives for the better and there is no reason why we should not make them work to our advantage.

Computers: A blessing or a curse?

Almost every home, office or school has a computer of some kind these days. Many people feel that these machines are now an essential part of our lives, but how necessary are they in reality?
One of the main advantages is the time that can be saved by using a computer. This is especially beneficial in the workplace, where employees can do their work far faster than they could do it in the past. In addition to this, computers can be educational and fun. From a very young age children can gain basic computer skills through programmes that allow them to learn, draw, paint and play. In today’s technological world this knowledge can only help them in the future.
However, there are various negative aspects to using computers. Many jobs have been lost due to the fact that computers can do a lot of tasks more efficiently than humans. This has led to high unemployment in many countries. What is more, computers can actually cause health problems. Endless hours in front of a screen can cause eye strain and headaches, which are serious side effects.
To sum up, it seems that computers are a useful addition to our fast-moving world of high technology. Nevertheless, it must be remembered that they are here to serve us – not to replace us.

of most of us today whether we realize it or not. Some people, however, are beginning to ask if we really need them. In my opinion, computers have become a necessary part of modern life. In the first place, computers can save a lot of storage space. Storing information on computer discs is one of the most efficient ways of keeping data. One computer disk can hold the same amount of information as several books. Furthermore, computers save everyone a lot of valuable time. Stored information can be found at the touch of a button, whereas searching for it manually takes much longer. Therefore, our everyday lives are made easier – from going to the bank to the bank to doing the shopping. Nevertheless, there are those who claim that computers are unnecessary and make our lives more complicated. They argue that in the past we managed very well using other methods and we have become too dependent on computers. I strongly disagree with these opponents because, they fail to consider that the time saved by using computers for repetitive tasks enables us to use our own time more creatively and productively. All in all, I believe that computers are a useful tool. They have changed our lives for the better and there is no reason why we should not make them work to our advantage.

Are computers a necessity?

Computers play an important role in the lives of most of us today whether we realize it or not. Some people, however, are beginning to ask if we really need them.
In my opinion, computers have become a necessary part of modern life. In the first place, computers can save a lot of storage space. Storing information on computer discs is one of the most efficient ways of keeping data. One computer disk can hold the same amount of information as several books. Furthermore, computers save everyone a lot of valuable time. Stored information can be found at the touch of a button, whereas searching for it manually takes much longer. Therefore, our everyday lives are made easier – from going to the bank to the bank to doing the shopping.
Nevertheless, there are those who claim that computers are unnecessary and make our lives more complicated. They argue that in the past we managed very well using other methods and we have become too dependent on computers.
I strongly disagree with these opponents because, they fail to consider that the time saved by using computers for repetitive tasks enables us to use our own time more creatively and productively.
All in all, I believe that computers are a useful tool. They have changed our lives for the better and there is no reason why we should not make them work to our advantage.

become a necessary part of modern life. In the first place, computers can save a lot of storage space. Storing information on computer discs is one of the most efficient ways of keeping data. One computer disk can hold the same amount of information as several books. Furthermore, computers save everyone a lot of valuable time. Stored information can be found at the touch of a button, whereas searching for it manually takes much longer. Therefore, our everyday lives are made easier – from going to the bank to the bank to doing the shopping.
4. I strongly disagree with these opponents because, they fail to consider that the time saved by using computers for repetitive tasks enables us to use our own time more creatively and productively.
3. Nevertheless, there are those who claim that computers are unnecessary and make our lives more complicated. They argue that in the past we managed very well using other methods and we have become too dependent on computers.
5. All in all, I believe that computers are a useful tool. They have changed our lives for the better and there is no reason why we should not make them work to our advantage.
1. Computers play an important role in the lives of most of us today whether we realize it or not. Some people, however, are beginning to ask if we really need them.

Are computers a necessity?

Computers play an important role in the lives of most of us today whether we realize it or not. Some people, however, are beginning to ask if we really need them.
In my opinion, computers have become a necessary part of modern life. In the first place, computers can save a lot of storage space. Storing information on computer discs is one of the most efficient ways of keeping data. One computer disk can hold the same amount of information as several books. Furthermore, computers save everyone a lot of valuable time. Stored information can be found at the touch of a button, whereas searching for it manually takes much longer. Therefore, our everyday lives are made easier – from going to the bank to the bank to doing the shopping.
Nevertheless, there are those who claim that computers are unnecessary and make our lives more complicated. They argue that in the past we managed very well using other methods and we have become too dependent on computers.
I strongly disagree with these opponents because, they fail to consider that the time saved by using computers for repetitive tasks enables us to use our own time more creatively and productively.
All in all, I believe that computers are a useful tool. They have changed our lives for the better and there is no reason why we should not make them work to our advantage.

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Систематизация средств связи по их роли в предложении

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Составление «рыбы» - универсальной основы для эссе

Throughout the centuries people have been …ing … . Today we still have/want/ do/… . …. getting more and more … . The role/ influence …increasing/ decreasing./ The increasing role of … make people think … . What/ how … ?
In my opinion, … . To begin with, … . Consequently, … . Besides, … . As a result, … . Finally, … . Actually/ Such as,
On the other hand, some people consider … . Moreover, … . In addition, … .
I strongly disagree with this point of view because … .To my mind, … .
To sum up, … . Without any doubt, … . The thing is to find the right balance between … .

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Составление синонимических цепочек

people – individuals – humans

very important – essential – significant

smoking – addiction to cigarettes

adults – grown people – grown-ups

possibility – opportunity – chance

appliance – device – apparatus – instrument

promote – further – favour – be conductive to

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Перевод «с английского на английский»

1. “The latest advances in information technology make people think that schools in the future will use computers instead of printed books.”

2. “The development of information technology in recent years makes us believe that paper books will be substituted for machines in schools of the future.”

3. “Some people claim that in the nearest future schools will replace ordinary books for electronic devices due to the recent achievements of information technology.”

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Тема для сочинения:

С2. Good education today is impossible without using electronic textbooks, iPads, electronic white boards and other electronic devices.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?

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Составляем аргументы:

the centuries humans have been trying to improve the process of studying. Today we still want to discover new ways of getting better knowledge. The increasing role of information technology make people think that one cannot receive perfect education without using numerous electronic devices.
In my opinion, it is true to some extent. To begin with, nowadays students are widely using electronic textbooks and iPads to store different information that, consequently, allows them to find it as quickly as possible. Besides, with interactive programmes on white boards studying is much more exciting. As a result, it intensifies the process of getting education, makes it more available and attractive for students. Finally, such devices are easy and convenient to cope with. Actually, you can take most of them with you wherever you go.
On the other hand, some people consider these appliances useless. Moreover, they say that screens are harmful for eyesight. In addition, they claim that students become rather addictive to their electronic devices and sometimes they play more than study.
I strongly disagree with this view because modern screens emit no radiation and allow us to read even in low light conditions. To my mind, playing computer games is really fascinating and it just helps us relax after working.
To sum up, no device can substitute a real teacher in class. Without any doubt, all these technical inventions are simply auxiliary means which give students opportunities to be more successful. The thing is to find the right balance between advances in modern technology and traditional ways of studying.
(259 слов)

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Вопросы для самоконтроля:

Правильно ли поставлена проблема?
Выражено ли мнение?
Приведены ли аргументы?
Выбран ли нейтральный стиль (нет сокращений, лексика нейтральная)?
Логично ли высказывание?
Соответствует ли структура предложенному плану?
Разделён ли текст на абзацы?
Правильно ли использованы средства логической связи?
Достаточный ли уровень использованной лексики?
Правильно ли употреблены грамматические структуры?
Соблюдены ли правила пунктуации и орфографии.

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«Советы по работе над сочинением во время экзамена»

  Подумай. Прочитай задание. Выдели главные вопросы, которые следует раскрыть в работе. Выбери правильный стиль. Составь план и выбери нужные слова и выражения!!! Внимательно читай задание. Слова и выражения нужно использовать в сочинении, перефразируя их.

При написании сочинения следует писать работу в соответствии с намеченным планом. Приводить аргументы. Следить за логикой. Делить текст на абзацы. Соблюдать порядок оформления в соответствии с видом задания. Следить за порядком слов в предложении. Правильно оформлять пунктуационно. Употреблять сложные предложения.

Проверь работу по всем аспектам, указанным выше. Проверь, соответствует ли работа объёму в 200 – 250 слов. Перепиши на чистовик.

 

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1. Зимняя И.А. Психология обучения иностранным языкам в школе. - М.:
Просвещение, 1991.
2. Концепция образования по иностранным языкам в 12-ти летней
школе// Иностранные языки в школе . – 2000. – № 6. – С. 2 – 6.
3. Мильруд Р.П. Методика обучения иноязычной письменной речи//
Иностранные языки в школе . – 1997. – № 2. – С. 4 – 5.
4. Музланова Е.С. Английский язык: тема «Письмо»: тестовые задания
базового и высокого уровней сложности: С1, С2. – М.: АСТ: Астрель:
Полиграфиздат, 2010. – 31 с.
5. Прохорова Е.Ф., Тимофеева Т.М. Английский язык: Учебно-
методическое пособие по курсам подготовки экзаменаторов. Ч.1.
Разд. «Письмо». – М.: Изд-во «Уникум – Центр», 2003. – 92 с.
6. http://english-study-cafe.ru/

Источники информации