Презентация, доклад на тему The Role of Schools in Promoting Youth Physical Activity

and Adolescents

The Role of Schools in Promoting Youth Physical Activity

key physical activity guidelines for children and adolescents
Describe the role of schools, in partnership with families and communities, in promoting physical activity among children and adolescents

and from school
Jumps rope and does gymnastics in physical education class
Plays on the playground during recess
Does homework
Watches television
Plays soccer with family
Plays video games

bones and muscles1
Reduces the risk of developing obesity and risk factors for diseases such as type 2 diabetes and heart disease1
Reduces the symptoms of anxiety and depression1
Can positively affect concentration, memory, and classroom behavior2

1. HHS. Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Report;2008
2. J Pediatr 2005;146(6):732–7.

60 minutes (1 hour) or more of physical activity daily.
Aerobic Activities: Most of the 60 or more minutes per day should be either moderate- or vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity. Include vigorous-intensity physical activity at least 3 days per week.
Muscle-strengthening Activities: Include muscle-strengthening physical activity on at least 3 days of the week, as part of the 60 or more minutes.
Bone-strengthening Activities: Include bone-strengthening physical activity on at least 3 days of the week, as part of the 60 or more minutes.
Activities should be age-appropriate, enjoyable, and offer variety.

activities
Add variety and fun

increase your heart rate and make you breathe harder
There are two intensities of aerobic activity:
Moderate-intensity
Vigorous-intensity

normal and breathing will be harder than normal
On a scale of 0 to 10, moderate-intensity activity is a 5 or 6

Vigorous-intensity Activity
Heart will beat much faster than normal and breathing will be much harder than normal
On a scale of 0 to 10, a vigorous-intensity activity is 7 or 8

usual activities of daily life
Activities that can be part of unstructured play
Climbing trees
Playing tug-of-war
Activities that can be structured
Push-ups, pull-ups
Working with resistance bands
Lifting weights

that promotes bone growth and strength, such as jumping
Activities that are especially important for young people because the greatest gain in bone mass occur during the years just before and during puberty

Adults?

Take into consideration natural activity patterns of children
All episodes of moderate- or vigorous-intensity activities count toward daily requirement
Unstructured active play can provide all three types of physical activity
Daily physical activity required
Specify need for bone-strengthening activities and vigorous-intensity activities each week

any kind of physical activity that increased their heart rate and made them breathe hard some of the time for a total of at least 60 minutes/day during the 7 days before the survey.

Source: National Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2007.

Source: MMWR 2003;52(33):785–8.

small steps
Participate in enjoyable activities

Youth Who Meet the Guidelines
Continue being active on a daily basis
Work toward becoming more active

Youth Who Exceed the Guidelines
Maintain activity level
Vary the kinds of activities to reduce the risk of injury

(20 minutes)
Jumps rope and does gymnastics in physical education class (10 minutes each).
Plays on the playground during recess (10 minutes)
Does homework (20 minutes)
Watches television (30 minutes)
Plays soccer with family (20 minutes)
Plays video games (30 minutes)

Total physical activity time = 60 minutes
Vigorous-intensity aerobic activity: jumping rope
Bone-strengthening activities: jumping rope, gymnastics
Muscle-strengthening activities: gymnastics

in many places
She plays tennis and does sit-ups and push-ups during physical education class
She likes to play basketball at the YMCA, do yoga, and go dancing with her friends
She likes to walk and hike with her dog

(30 minutes)
Does sit-ups and push-ups (5 minutes)
Plays with children at the park while babysitting (15 minutes)
Total physical activity time = 60 minutes
Vigorous-intensity aerobic activity: tennis
Bone-strengthening activity: tennis
Muscle-strengthening activity: sit-ups and push-ups

of their peers
Parental support
Environmental
Safe locations to be active
Access to equipment
Financial costs of physical activities
Time

stress and anxiety1
Can positively affect concentration, memory, and classroom behavior among adolescents2
Can improve standardized test scores3

1. HHS. Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Report;2008.
2. J Pediatr 2005;146(6)719–20.
3. Res Q Exerc Sport 1999;70(2):127–34.

in 1998–1999, followed through 5th grade
Physical education (PE) measure: Low (0–35 mins/week), Medium (36–69), High (70–300)
Academic achievement measure: Mathematics and reading tests designed by experts
Results: A small but significant benefit on both math and reading tests were observed for girls in the high PE category compared with those in the low PE category; findings not seen in boys

1. Am J Pub Health 2008;98(4):72–7.

throughout the day
Intramural sports
Interscholastic sports
Walk- and bike-to-school programs
Staff wellness and involvement
Family and community participation

1. National Association for Sport and Physical Education. Comprehensive School Physical Activity Programs Package; 2008.

area that teaches about physical activity
Provides students with the skills needed to participate in a lifetime of physical activity

1. National Association for Sport and Physical Education. Understanding The Difference: Is It Physical Education or Physical Activity?;2005.

facilities
Highly qualified, certified, or licensed teachers
Meaningful content
Written standards-based curriculum
Sequential, developmentally appropriate learning activities for grades K–12
Appropriate instruction
Full inclusion of all students
Well-designed lessons that facilitate learning
Sufficient practice opportunities for class activities
Student assessment

the needs and interests of all students
Keep students active for most of class time
More than 50% of class time spent in moderate- to vigorous-intensity activity

1. National Association for Sports and Physical Education. Moving into the Future: National Standards for Physical Education, 2nd ed;2004.

Policy Recommendation: Schools should require daily PE for students in kindergarten through grade 121
Elementary school = 150 minutes per week
Secondary school = 225 minutes per week

Schools;2006.

Opportunity to participate in free-time physical activity and practice skills learned in physical education classes
Enhances cooperation and negotiation skills
Improves attentiveness, concentration, and time-on-task in the classroom

Policy Recommendation: Schools should provide at least 20 minutes of recess per day, in addition to physical education classes1

action words from a story through physical activity or take a walk outside as part of a science class

Physical Activity Breaks

Independent of physical education and recess
Can enhance positive classroom behavior of students
Incorporates activity in the classroom as part of planned lessons

a choice in activities
Offer every student an equal opportunity to participate regardless of ability level
Incorporate lifetime physical activities such as walking, running, hiking, swimming, tennis, dancing, and bicycling

performance-based skills
May be related to higher levels of overall physical activity2
Associated with improved mental health and reduction in some risky health behaviors3–4

1. National Association for Sports and Physical Education. Eight Domains of Coaching Competencies;2006.
2. Pediatr Exerc Sci 1998;10:378–86.
3. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2000;154:904–11.
4. The President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports. Research Digest 1997;2:1–12.

of cars and decreases traffic near schools
Promotes partnerships among students, parents and community organizations and members

1. Am J Prev Med 2005;29(3):179–84.
2. BMJ 2005;331(7524)1061–2.
3. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005;37(12):2062–9.

Med 2007;32(6):509–16.

Guide

Activity Recommendation: Schools should participate in International Walk to School Week and support ongoing walk and bike to school programs

with other community members and organizations.
Open school facilities to provide physical activity programs to students, families, school staff, and community members.
Seek funding from local businesses, community groups and health organizations for physical activity programs and events

school health advisory council
Donate equipment, money or encourage staff to volunteer time
Support Safe Routes to School programs
Offer after-school physical activity programs

presentation is provided by U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Division of Adolescent and School Health www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth