Презентация, доклад по английскому языкуСтруктура английского

initial/final consonant sequence in English?
What do English speakers do when handed sequences like kn- (typically in personal names)?

that appear to involve syllable structure

of speech errors that more than 90% of ordering speech errors invert onset-onset, coda-coda

σ

Rhyme

Onset Nucleus Coda

ł, r-del. in Coda or Rhyme?

see.ker
at.lan.tic : a.tro.cious
Are they simply counting vowels? No:
button
Abkhaz mts’k’ ‘type of fly’
Syllable divisions cannot refer simply to vowels
pa.per vs sing.er, distend vs distaste

vs. *blunch)?
Method
Train subjects to combine pairs of well-formed English nonce monosyllables (such as krint and glupth) into a new monosyllable that contains parts of both.
Results
responses like krupth (Onset kr- of the first syllable and Rime -upth of the second) were produced far more often than any other possible combination.
Conclusion
The natural break within English syllables is immediately before the vowel (i.e. Onset vs. Rime).

σ σ
O R O R
N C N C
k r i n t g l u p th

Experiments from Treiman 1983

artificial games that keep these units intact should be easier to learn than games that break up the syllables in a different way.
Method
Subjects taught 2 types of word games:
Blend the Onset of a nonce CCVCC syllable with the Rime of another
e.g. fl-irz + gr-uns → fl-uns
Combine non-constituents (f-runs, flins, flir-s).
Results
Game 1 was learned with fewer errors than was Games 2.
Conclusion
Speakers have access to the constituents O and R.

Experiments from Treiman 1983

and other coarticulation effects

a possible onset
Why would this be so??
celery, family, sophomore, prisoner…
Davidson 2002:
schwa deletion only before sonorants
vegetable, Salisbury, suppose, Dorothy, medicine…
memory vs memorise

have an onset
Glottal stop insertion
Article allomorphy
Glide insertion?
R-insertion

Cs
Oft-invoked principle: Onset Maximisation
Problems:
stress
vowel quality
morpheme boundaries
phonotactics
ambisyllabicity
merry, happy…

Talk presented at HUMDRUM, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, April 20-21.
Fidelholtz, James. 1975. Word Frequency and Vowel Reduction in English. Robin E. Grossman, L. James San & Timothy J. Vance, eds. Papers from the 11th Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society. 200-213.
Hooper, Joan. 1978. Constraints on schwa-deletion in American English. In J. Fisiak (ed.) Recent developments in historical phonology. The Hague: Mouton. 183-207.