Презентация, доклад по английскому языку Уроки истории России

by:Petrova Marina, Kuskova Elizaveta.11 form
Teacher:Misevra I.E.

1904 - the beginning of the Russo-Japanese War
August 1905 - Portsmouth Peace Treaty Historical figures: Nicholay II Witte Plehve Rozhdestvensky Makarov. Сauses:
the confrontation between Russia and Japan in the Far East, the war broke out as a result of the escalation of contradictions

Russian-Japanese War 27 January 1904 -23 August 1905 War between the Russian and Japanese empires for control over Manchuria and Korea.

the Russian fleet at Port Arthur on the 26th of January in 1904. The next day in the Korean port of Chemulpo, the cruiser "Varyag" and the gunboat "Korean" were attacked by a squadron of the enemy. To avoid capture, the sailors of the "Varyag" flooded their ship. In March the flagship of the Russian Pacific fleet was struck and sank, the commander Admiral Makarov was killed. Port Arthur was cut off from the land forces by the enemy from the main forces of the Russian army and after four months the defense gave up.


The second major defeat of the Russian troops was the failure under Mukden in February 1905.
An attempt to change the situation with the help of Admiral Z. P. Rozhdestvensky, directed by the Baltic Fleet from the 2nd Pacific Squadron, also did not escape: in May 1905 the squadron was destroyed near Tsushima Island in the Japaneese Sea
.

to conclude a peace treaty with Japan in August 1905 with Japan at extremely unfavorable conditions for Russia. The war cost the country enormous losses: the losses of the army and the fleet were about 400,000 dead, wounded and captured, and material costs were expressed by an astronomical sum of 3 billion rubles.

Saxony - September 18, 1911, Kiev) - statesman of the Russian Empire. In different years he held the posts of the district leader of the nobility in Kovno, the Grodno and Saratov governors, the minister of internal affairs, the prime minister.
In the early twentieth century Russian history knows him primarily as a reformer and statesman, who played a significant role in suppressing the revolution of 1905-1907 [2] [3] [4]. In April 1906, Emperor Nicholay II offered Stolypin the post of Minister of Internal Affairs of Russia. Shortly thereafter, the government was dissolved along with the State Duma of the first convocation, and Stolypin was appointed as a new prime minister.

held a number of bills that went down in history as the Stolypin agrarian reform, the main content of which was the introduction of private peasant land ownership. The law on military courts that was adopted by the government tightened the punishment for committing grave crimes. Subsequently, Stolypin was sharply criticized for the rigidity of the taken measures. Among other Stolypin's activities as Prime Minister, the zemstvo in the western provinces, limiting the autonomy of the Grand Duchy of Finland, changing the electoral legislation and the dissolution of the Second Duma, which put an end to the 1905-1907 revolution, are of particular importance.

1918)

Participation of Russia -
August 1, 1914 - March 3, 1918

international relations (mainly in Europe) that took place at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century.
The unevenness of the economic and political development of the leading European countries, the desire to redistribution caused the appearance of two military-political blocks: the Triple Alliance (led by Germany) and the Antente (within Russia, France and England).
It was already impossible to prevent a clash between them. Any, even a minor reason could lead to the outbreak of war. Such an occasion was the murder in Sarajevo Franz Ferdinand by the Serbian terrorist Gavrilov . Russia, which wasnot yet ready for war, tried to prevent a clash between its ally, Serbia and Austria-Hungary, which Germany supported. However, it was not possible to do this. Russia began to mobilize, and Germany on July 19 (August 1), 1914, declared war to Russia. After that, France and England joined the war. In a short time, the war acquired a general character, although military operations were conducted mainly in Europe. In total, 38 states with a population of about 1 billion people were at war.

discontent with the power leads to a revolutionary explosion in the capital of Russia - Petrograd.
By the end of February, more than 80% of the workers in Petrograd had been stricken. Nevsky Prospekt was filled with demonstrations, held under red flags and slogans "Down back the Tsar." All attempts by the commander of the Petrograd Military District, General Khabalov to restore order, did not produce results. On February 27, soldiers of reserve regiments quartered in Petrograd began to move to the side of the revolution.
 February 28 Khabalov, who completely lost control of the situation in the capital, ordered the last defenders of the old system to lay down their arms.
The revolution began

uprising of the battalion of the Life Guards of the Pavlovsky regiment, the massive transfer of soldiers to the side of the demonstrators

02/27/1917 - seizure of the Arsenal, prisons, the Winter Palace

02/28/1917 - The fall of the Admiralty, the arrest of the Tsar's ministers

The main dates of the February revolution

armed uprising was not spontaneous, the plan was outlined by them even during the congress held in London from April 12 to 27, 1905. During the same period, the Mensheviks, who called for only legitimate ways of struggle, gathered in Geneva and worked out their tactics. Lenin's supporters even then planned to overthrow the regime that existed in the country by organizing an uprising in military units and undermining the economy. To implement their plans, they organized the supply of weapons and explosives to Russia, and their agitators urged the population to evade paying taxes and withdraw their bank deposits

The coming to power of the Bolshevik Party

a revolutionary, the founder of the Bolsheviks party, the creator of the first ever socialist state.


Lenin is known, first of all, as one of the leaders of the great October Revolution of 1917, when the monarchy was overthrown, and Russia became a socialist country. Lenin was chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the new Russia - the RSFSR, is considered the creator of the USSR.

of the country in accordance with Social-Democratic ideals:

Concludes peace with Germany, creates the Red Army, which takes an active part in the civil war of 1917-1921;
Creates NEP - a new economic policy;
Gives civil rights to the peasants and workers (the working class becomes the main one in the new political system of Russia);
Reforms the church, seeking to replace Christianity with a new "religion" - communism.
He dies in 1924 after a sharp deterioration in his health. By order of Stalin, the leader's body is placed in a mausoleum in Red Square in Moscow.

Reform of Lenin

are equal in rights
Royal ranks, awards, titles were canceled
Estates were abolished
Freedom of conscience was proclaimed
Free education and medical services are introduced

Social politics

a Revolutionary War. 2. Trotsky - "neither peace nor war" 3. Lenin - "The Peace at Any Price" 4. The result is - Germany's non-acceptance of the ultimatum, the termination of negotiations

Russia's exit from the war. The Brest Peace

- early 1920
III period - May - November 1920.
IV period - 1920 - 1922 years.

Civil War and military intervention 1918 - 1922

composition of the participants in the fighting and the intensity of the fighting. October 1917 - November 1918 - the formation of the armed forces of opponents and the formation of major fronts. The White movement actively began to fight the Bolshevik regime, but the intervention of third forces, primarily the Antente and the Quadruple alliance, did not give either side the advantage to decide the outcome of the war.

 November 1918 - March 1920 - a stage in which the radical breakthrough of the war became.

 March 1920 - October 1922 - the final stage, during which the fighting moved to the border areas of the state and, in fact, did not pose a threat to the Bolshevik government. After October 1922, the struggle was continued only by the Siberian Volunteer Druzhina in Yakutia, which was commanded by A.N. Petlyaev, as well as a Cossack detachment under the command of Bologov near Nikolsk-Ussuriisk.

The course of the war

as in most of the national regions. More than 15 million people were killed or died due to illness and hunger. More than 2.5 million people emigrated from the country. The state and society were in a state of economic decline, entire social groups were virtually destroyed

Results of the war

political figure. Since 1945 - the Generalissimus of the USSR. In the period from the second half of the 20's of XX th century before his death he was the leader of Soviet Russia.

During the Civil War, Stalin proved himself to be a magnificent military organizer. November 29, 1922 he, along with Lenin, Sverdlov and Trotsky entered the Bureau of the Central Committee.

When Lenin, against the backdrop of illness, departed from political activity, Stalin, together with Kamenev and Zinoviev, organized a "troika", which was opposed to L. Trotsky. In the same year he was elected as General Secretary of the Central Committee.

Against the backdrop of a heavy political struggle, at the Thirteenth Congress of the RCP, Stalin said that he wanted to resign. He was left as Secretary-General by a majority vote.

this basis, a transition from an agrarian to an industrial society.

Modernization of the country's economy and defense system in the 1930s. Cultural Revolution.

and technological backwardness of the country
3. Achievement of economic independence from neighboring countries
4. Forming machine-technical base in agriculture

Objectives

industrial country, the first five-year plan of 1928-29 and 1932-33
2. Completion of the technical reconstruction of the economy - the second five-year plan 1933-1937

industry at the expense of light
3. Compressed historical terms (in the USSR 10-12 years)
4. Implementation of industrialization through internal sources and savings
Labor enthusiasm of the population
Self-reliance only
strict regulation from above
planned tasks (five-year plan) and others

Features of industrialization

farms through co-operation.
Objectives: 1. Elimination of the kulaks as a class
2. Transfer funds from the agricultural sector in the industrial sector
3. Providing industry with manpower at the expense of peasants leaving the village
4. Overcoming the dependence of the state on single peasant farms

suspension of collectivization

in international conflicts
2.Cooperation with democratic Western countries to deter aggression from Germany and Japan
3. The creation of a system of collective security in Europe and the Far East

Foreign policy of the USSR in the 1930s

conference on disarmament

and on October 19 Germany withdrew from the League of Nations

defense
The border of the potential enemy was pushed to the West
The attempts of the Western powers to draw the USSR into the war with Germany were thwarted

The main results of the 30 years