Презентация, доклад по английскому языку Пишем сочинение

2019 год

2
Paragraph 3 (Arguments against)

(Arguments for)

Conclusion

Final paragraph

Balanced consideration/opinion

place/ One point in favour of/ against is/One advantage of…is/ One disadvantage of…is, etc.
To add more points: Secondly/ What is more/ Moreover/Furthermore/In addition/ A further advantage of…is, etc.
To make contrasting points: However/ On the other hand/ Although/ In spite of, etc.
To conclude: To sum up/ In conclusion/ On balance/ All things considered, etc.

Furthermore Secondly
Although However The majority believe
As a result In addition Therefore
Despite In conclusion These days
Firstly In my opinion To conclude
For this reason Moreover To sum up
From my point of view On the other hand Today

only once.
The advantages and disadvantages of television
1__________ it seems that we are watching more television than ever before, and doctors argue that we are getting lazier. 2____________ there is a great deal of debate at the moment about the advantages and disadvantages of television.
3___________ of television is its educational value. 4___________, many people learn about science by watching documentaries. 5___________, television provides company for people (the elderly, 6___________) who are unable to go out and meet friends.
7____________, television does have disadvantages. 8___________, it discourages people from taking exercise. Why go and play sport when you can sit on your sofa watching interesting programmes? 9___________, television discourages children from developing their imaginations. They can spend all day watching cartoons or playing computer games and 10___________ they do not invent their own games or play with other children.
11___________, probably the best that we can do is to watch television sensibly. 12___________ all its disadvantages, there is no doubt that it is here to stay.

not to
write I think, I feel, etc., but to say what you think in a more impersonal way. Study these examples.
It can be argued that… (impersonal it + the passive)
Some people argue that… (impersonal some people)
It is also obvious that… (it + adjective)
It is undoubtedly true that…(undoubtedly for emphasis)

written in an appropriate style?
Have you used suitable linking words to introduce your points for and against and your conclusion?
Have you checked grammar, spelling and punctuation?

your best points together in two groups so that you can organize them into paragraphs.
Never write an argument for or against a topic without supporting it with justification.
Decide how you will begin your composition.
The second paragraph should start with something like On the positive side; Some might say that …
The next paragraph might begin with On the other hand; Others might argue that …
Write in a semi-formal or formal style.
Do not use short forms or strong personal expressions.
You could begin the final paragraph with On balance; To sum up, In conclusion, ..
The use of linking words is absolutely necessary when writing an argumentative composition.

topic by
making reference to an unusual scene or situation e.g. The sight of a huge lion dozing in the corner of a cage with no interest in its surroundings…
addressing the reader directly e.g. Have you ever wondered if animals in captivity are happy?
starting with a rhetorical question e.g. Are there really more advantages than disadvantages to keeping animals in zoos.

can give a balanced consideration or your opinion by:
summarising the topic under question, e.g. To sum up, keeping animals in captivity can be cruel and unnatural, but it is also necessary.
ending with a rhetorical question, e.g. Would it be better to watch various species gradually becoming extinct?
giving the reader something to consider, e.g. If it were not for zoos, many people would never have the chance to see a live wild animal.

of becoming a doctor when you were young? Although it can be a rewarding career, being a doctor also has its drawbacks.
Cooking is something that few of us have time to do in today’s fast-moving world. But does eating out really have as many advantages as people think it does?

day long and then having to work as well. Many young people decide to attend school and have a part-time job at the same time. This can have both advantages and disadvantages.

each individual to decide whether he or she would benefit from working and studying at the same time. However, is not it a pity that many simply have no choice due to poor financial situations?
On balance, the life of a doctor can be both exciting and demanding. Not everyone is suited for it especially as it is not a profession with room for mistakes.

while eating out does have its advantages, it is not something we should make a habit of. Perhaps we should all try to make time in our life to eat properly.

1 (State the topic and your opinion)
Main Body
Paragraph 2 (Express your opinion and give reasons for it )
Paragraph 3,4 (Give other people’s arguments and
explain why they are wrong )
Conclusion
Paragraph 5 ( Restate your opinion,using different words)




















p

place To begin with/ Secondly/ Thirdly/ Finally, etc.
To add viewpoints: both…and/ What is more/ not only…but also/ In addition/ Furthermore/ Besides/ not to mention the fact that, etc.
To present the other side of the argument: Contrary to what most people believe/ As opposed to the above ideas/ Some people argue that, etc.
To express opinion: I believe/ In my opinion/ I think/ In my view/ I strongly believe/ I feel that/ It seems to me that, etc.

expressing opinions are formal in style. Unlike for/against argumentative essays, this type of topic asks for your own opinion, which should be clearly stated and supported by reasons. A good argumentative composition expressing your opinion should consist of :
a) an introduction in which the title is explained and your opinion is clearly stated,
b) a main body which can consist of 2 or more paragraphs. Each viewpoint, supported by a logical reason, should be presented in a separate paragraph. The opposing viewpoint is mentioned in a new paragraph.
c) a conclusion in which you sum up your viewpoints and restate your opinion.

in the correct order?
Have you written an an appropriate style?
Have you expressed your opinion?
Have you linked all viewpoints with sequence words?
Have you supported each viewpoint by a reason?
Have you checked grammar, spelling and punctuation?

your opinion. Write down as many ideas as you can.
Provide good arguments for both sides of the issue, even if you strongly agree with one side.
Each viewpoint should be joined to the others with linking or sequence words e.g. in the first place,to start with, what is more, also, apart from this, it is argued, etc.
Do not use contractions, write in a formal style.
Never start writing your composition before making a plan.

.

a choice that many people are making after recent health scares. The question is, does being a vegetarian have a positive or a negative effect on one’s health. I believe that it can do more harm than good.

In conclusion, I feel that vegetarians could suffer from health problems if they do not have a healthy, nutritious diet. However, everyone must decide for themselves which lifestyle choice suits them best.

words
How do I answer in a relevant way?

Step 2 – Make notes of ideas
Take 2 minutes to write down any ideas which may be relevant
Be as brief as possible

Step 3 – Make a plan
Choose relevant ideas
Support your ideas with relevant examples where possible

copy too many words from the question
Start each paragraph in the body of your essay with a topic sentence
Use linking words
Indent paragraphs
Write a conclusion
Step 5 – Check for mistakes
Allow at least 2 minutes to correct careless mistakes

much to be seen in our own country. What can you say for and against international and domestic tourism?
 
Write 200-250 words. Use the following plan
Introduction (State the problem)
 Arguments "for"
Arguments "against"
Conclusion
 
Пример письменного высказывания с элементами рассуждения («за» и «против»), выполненного учащимся и оцененного в 14 баллов (3 - содержание, 3 - организация текста, 3 - лексика, 3 - грамматика, 2 - орфография и пунктуация)
 
International tourism is often contrasted with domestic tourism, with the former meaning exciting adventure and the latter, boring leisure. Let's examine some of the reasons for such differences of attitude and opinion.
As far as the advantages of international tourism are concerned, these are above all the rich cultural opportunities and an excellent service in hotels. Tourists could visit different museums, galleries, get acquainted with new traditions and customs, taste new food, practice a foreign language and learn something new.
 Domestic tourism also has many advantages such as an opportunity to meet new friends, to admire the most beautiful places of our country, to learn more about our history. What is more, there are also a lot of sights and interesting museums to be seen in our own country.
As far as the disadvantages of international tourism one can name the need to have international passports, to get visas, currency. Besides not everyone can afford to pay big sums of money for travelling expenses and accommodation.
There are some disadvantages of domestic tourism as well. Firstly, service at hotels, shops is worse than abroad. Secondly, everything seems boring because there isn't much change in the world around you. Moreover, a lot of domestic tours cost as much as the international ones.
To sum it up, both international and domestic tours have its advantages and disadvantages. An English proverb says "Many men, many minds". So, one should choose what is better for himself.

statement.
My parents say the way they lived in the past was more secure. However, I believe that young people are given a lot more life opportunities nowadays.
What is your opinion? Which way of life will be more satisfying for future generations? Write 200 - 250 words.
Use the following plan:
make an introduction (state the problem)
express your personal opinion and give reasons for it
give arguments for the other point of view and explain why you don't agree with it
draw a conclusion
Пример письменного высказывания с элементами рассуждения («высказывание мнения»), выполненного учащимся и оцененного в 14 баллов (3-содержание, 3-организация текста, 3-лексика, 3-грамматика, 2-орфография и пунктуация)
 
A lot of people, especially of older age, claim that life in their youth was much quieter and they were more sure of tomorrow than young people nowadays. But there are many things I do appreciate today. Among them is a great variety of opportunities we have in life.
Firstly, the life has cardinally changed and at present young people, using Internet and traveling abroad, are more and more informed about the world and other cultures. Secondly, there is a wide choice of activities in which we can take part now, starting from leisure clubs up to political and volunteer programmes. Another thing to mention is a different range of job vacancies offered to young people to earn their own money. This gives us more independence from our family but, on the other hand, it teaches us to be responsible for decisions we make.
However, our society now faces some serious problems such as high crime rate, drug, game and smoking addictions, AIDS, poor environment, etc. They say the society was kinder, the tempo of life was slower. They were not afraid of unemployment. These are the reasons for the parents' concern about our future. And though I share their worries, I would rather risk than have uneventful, monotonous, predictable life.
To sum up, I believe, modern life gives more opportunities and challenges to the youth. There is more freedom, life is more exciting. That is why I hold an opinion that the way of life of today is more satisfying.

экзаменационной работы по иностранным языкам единого государственного экзамена 2009 г.). 

Допустимое отклонение  от заданного объёма составляет 10% от
•         C1
Если письмо меньше 90 слов – работа не проверяется, за содержание выставляется 0 баллов
Если объем письма выше 154 слов, проверяется только та часть, которая соответствует требуемому объёму (т.е. 140 слов)
 
С 2
Если эссе меньше 180 слов работа не проверяется, за содержание выставляется 0 баллов
Если эссе больше 275 слов, проверяется только та часть, которая соответствует требуемому объёму (т.е. 250 слов)
 
При подсчёте слов:
Подсчёту подлежат все слова, включая артикли и предлоги
Редуцированные формы ( I’am)  считаются как одно слово
1.      Личное письмо
- Подсчёт  слов начинается с адреса и заканчивается подписью
-Число считается как одно слово (например 25 – это одно слово)
- Подсчёт слов в написании даты  зависит от  выбранного варианта:
08.06.09. – 3 слова
12th November – 2 слова
- Индекс считается как одно слово.
2. Эссе
Подсчёт слов начинается от заголовка и заканчивается последним словом в сочинении.
 
Максимальный первичный балл-80. Тестовый балл определяется умножением первичного балла на коэффициент 1, 25, с округлением  полученного результата до целого балла.

planet.
However, scientists think that having only one language is a disaster.
What is your opinion? Do you think that language diversity is important for our society?

greeting

Introduction: Paragraph 1 reason(s )for writing


Main Body: Paragraphs 2,3 development of the subject


Conclusion: Final Paragraph closing remarks


( full) name

below the address
Salutation (e.g. Dear Sally, Dear Aunt Jane)
A possible and common beginning
e.g. Thanks for… I was awfully glad to… etc.
e.g. I must apologize for not writing… etc.
The body of the letter
A common ending
Looking forward to seeing you. Write me soon.
Hope to hear from you soon.
The close
e.g. Lots of love, Best wishes, Yours.
Signature

them

referring to their news


giving news

Dear + first name
Hi! How are things? How is it going? How are you?
Great news about… Glad to hear about… Sorry to hear about…
You’ll never believe what..
Oh, and another thing. Listen, did I tell you about?

don’t you…? How about…?
We’ll got to go now. Give my love to…See you soon! Looking forward to
hearing from you.
Love, Lots of love, Yours, Best wishes.

Your first name

characteristics of informal style in letters are:
the greeting (Dear John, Dear Mum)

informal language and style (idioms, colloquial English)

abbreviated forms, pronouns omitted

the closing remark (Yours, Best wishes, Regards )

your first name

of the person you are writing to
Salutation (e.g. Dear Sir, Dear Madam, Dear Sir/Madam)
Introduction (e.g. I am writing to reply to your advertisement. With reference to your advertisement in…for…)
Explain why you are writing (e.g. I wish to gain experience of… I feel I could be useful to you as…)
Give further details
Make some reference to hearing from the addressee
e.g. I look forward to hearing from you.
The close
Yours faithfully – where the salutation is Dear Sir/Madam
Yours sincerely – where the salutation is Dear Mr.Brown
The signature

Sir/Madam
name known: Dear Mr…/Dear Mrs…/Dear Ms… + surname,
I am writing to apply for the post/position of… as advertised in…
I gained some experience while… My qualifications include…

As you can see from the attached CV,…

Please do not hesitate contact me if/should you require further information.
Yours sincerely, Yours faithfully
Your first name+surname

main characters)
Main Body
Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3
main points of the plot general comments
Conclusion
Paragraph 4
recommendation

Reviews

Background: This well-written/informative/fascinating book…, The film/story is set in…,The film/book tells the story of…, this work is based on…, The film stars …as…, etc.
Main points of the plot: The plot focuses on…, The story begins…, The plot has an expected twist…, The film reaches a dramatic climax…, etc.
General comments: It is rather long /confusing/slow etc, The cast is excellent/weak…, It is really imaginative/full of suspense/ thought-provoking…,The script is dull/clever…,It has a tragic/surprising end…, The characters are very life-like/not very convincing…, I found the ending a bit boring/predictable/disappointing…,etc.
Recommendations: I strongly recommend…,Don’t miss it…, It is well worth seeing…, I wouldn’t recommend it because…, etc.

phrases (adapt from a novel, convey a powerful message, reveal the truth, give away a secret, suspend your disbelief, etc.) adverbs (absolutely, completely, considerably, extremely, highly, rather, slightly, etc.) to make your writing more interesting for your reader.
Use link words to make your review coherent.
Use the present simple to describe the plot.
Make some personal recommendations.

the scene: ( who – where – when –what )
Main Body
Paragraphs 2-4
Development (describe the crime, the procedure for investigating,
what the suspects were doing when the crime happened, keep the reader in suspense )
Conclusion
Final Paragraph
End the story ( refer to consequences)

story, check that you have:
described the weather and the time of year.
described the place and important objects.
built up characters sufficiently.
used adjectives and adverbs to give more details.
created atmosphere.
provided clues for readers.
provided a title.