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Презентация, доклад по английскому языку на тему Shakespeare's language
Содержание
- 1. Презентация по английскому языку на тему Shakespeare's language
- 2. How many words are there in the English language?
- 3. The Second Edition of the 20-volume Oxford English Dictionary contains entries for about 750,000 words.
- 4. How many words did Shakespeare use?
- 5. Shakespeare used 31,534 words in his works.
- 6. What language did Shakespeare speak?
- 7. Old EnglishFaeder ure thu eart on heofonum,
- 8. Middle EnglishOure fadir that art in heuenes,
- 9. Early Modern English (1611)Our father, which art
- 10. Modern EnglishOur Father in heaven, hallowed be
- 11. The Book of Common Prayer 1549King James Bible 1611
- 12. SpellingNo standardized spelling;Shakespeare Shake-speare
- 13. SpellingThe Elizabethan alphabet contained 24 letters, as
- 14. SpellingThe "j" was usually used as the
- 15. Spelling- Another letter which resembled a "y"
- 16. SpellingLetter “e” was often omitted and replaced
- 17. Grammar (Pronouns)
- 18. “If thou art privy to the country’s
- 19. Grammar (Verb Forms)
- 20. - If thou lovest me -
- 21. Grammar (Verb Forms)Present TensePast Tense
- 22. Grammar (Sentences)- Shakespeare often changed the word
- 23. Vocabulary- Words that no longer exist in
- 24. Vocabulary still = always, soft = slowly,
- 25. VocabularyShakespeare coined a lot of new words
- 26. VocabularyPhrases: - All that glitters is not gold
- 27. VocabularyPhrases: - For goodness' sake (Henry VIII)- Good
- 28. VocabularyPhrases: - Love is blind (Merchant of Venice)-
- 29. 1. Blank verseunrhymed lines with an arrangement
- 30. 2. Variations on metreto make his verse
- 31. 2. Variations on metreto make his verse
- 32. 2. Variations on metreto make his verse
- 33. 3. Use of verse and proseVersegenerally used:
- 34. 4. Metaphors and similes“There’s daggers in men’s smiles”(from ‘Macbeth’)
- 35. 4. Metaphors and similes“The quality of mercy
- 36. 5. Antithesis“Why then, O brawling love, O
- 37. 6. Repetition“Oh horrible, oh horrible, most horrible!”
- 38. 6. Repetition“O night, O night, alack, alack,
- 39. 7. Hyperbole“Blow me about in winds! Roast
- 40. 7. Personification“Come, civil Night;Thou sober-suited matron all in black.”(from ‘Romeo and Juliet’)
- 41. 8. IronyVerbal ironySaying one thing but meaning
- 42. 9. Pronouns: you and theeYouImplies either closeness,
- 43. Enjoy reading Shakespeare!
How many words are there in the English language?
Слайд 3The Second Edition of the 20-volume Oxford English Dictionary contains entries
for about 750,000 words.
Слайд 5Shakespeare used 31,534 words in his works.
(Most adults have the
vocabulary of 20,000-35,000 words though only about 5,000-8,000 words are actively used).
Слайд 7Old English
Faeder ure thu eart on heofonum,
si thin nama gehalgod.
Tobecume thin rice. Gewurthe thin willa on eorthan swa swa on heofonum.
Do you think you know what it means?
Do you think you know what it means?
Слайд 8Middle English
Oure fadir that art in heuenes, halwid be thi name;
thi kyngdom cumme to; be thi wille don as in heuen and in erthe; gif to us this day ouer breed oure substaunce; and forgeue uo us oure dettis as we forgeue to oure dettours.
Does this one make a little more sense?
Does this one make a little more sense?
Слайд 9Early Modern English (1611)
Our father, which art in Heaven, hallowed be
thy name. Thy kingdom come; thy will be done on earth as it is in Heaven. Give us this day, our daily bread; and forgive us our debts as we forgive our debtors, and lead us not into temptation …
Слайд 10Modern English
Our Father in heaven, hallowed be your name. Your Kingdom
come,
your will be done, on earth as in heaven. Give us today our daily bread. Forgive us our sins, as we forgive those who sin against us. Lead us not into temptation,
but deliver us from evil. For the kingdom, the power and the glory are yours. Now and forever. Amen.
your will be done, on earth as in heaven. Give us today our daily bread. Forgive us our sins, as we forgive those who sin against us. Lead us not into temptation,
but deliver us from evil. For the kingdom, the power and the glory are yours. Now and forever. Amen.
Слайд 12Spelling
No standardized spelling;
Shakespeare Shake-speare Shakspeare
Shakespere Shakespear Shak-speare
Shakspear Shakspere
Shaksper Shakespheare
Shakspear Shakspere
Shaksper Shakespheare
Слайд 13Spelling
The Elizabethan alphabet contained 24 letters, as opposed to the present
day alphabet of 26 letters;
- In the Elizabethan alphabet the letters "u" and "v" were the same letter as were "i" and "j";
- In the Elizabethan alphabet the letters "u" and "v" were the same letter as were "i" and "j";
Слайд 14Spelling
The "j" was usually used as the capital form of the
letter "i" in the Elizabethan alphabet;
The letter "u" was used only in the middle of a word, and the "v" was used at the beginning.
The letter "u" was used only in the middle of a word, and the "v" was used at the beginning.
Слайд 15Spelling
- Another letter which resembled a "y" (a thorn) was used
to represent the "th" sound. The word "the" was therefore written as "ye“;
- Numbers were frequently written in lower case Roman numerals, with the last "i" in a number written as a "j". For example - viij March;
Слайд 16Spelling
Letter “e” was often omitted and replaced with an apostrophe (despis’d
– dispised),
A lot of words were contracted:
'tis ~ it is, th’ ~ the, o'er ~ over, ne'er ~ never, i' ~ in, e'er ~ ever, oft ~ often, e'en ~ even
A lot of words were contracted:
'tis ~ it is, th’ ~ the, o'er ~ over, ne'er ~ never, i' ~ in, e'er ~ ever, oft ~ often, e'en ~ even
Слайд 18“If thou art privy to the country’s fate…”
“...the throne of Denmark
to thy father”
“By heaven I charge thee, speak”
“As thou art to thyself”
“By heaven I charge thee, speak”
“As thou art to thyself”
Слайд 20- If thou lovest me
- sayst thou so
thou rememb’rest
thou told’st me
Shouldst thou be
if thou didst
Whither wilt thou lead me
Слайд 22Grammar (Sentences)
- Shakespeare often changed the word order in sentences:
“These babes
for Clarence weep”
“So frowned he once”
“So frowned he once”
Слайд 23Vocabulary
- Words that no longer exist in the English language;
- Words
that now have a different meaning;
Слайд 24Vocabulary
still = always, soft = slowly,
an = if, perforce
= you must,
ay = yes, fain = gladly,
anon = at once,
wherefore= why
ay = yes, fain = gladly,
anon = at once,
wherefore= why
Слайд 25Vocabulary
Shakespeare coined a lot of new words and phrases:
Words:
"advertising", "assassination", "bedazzled",
"eventful", "eyesore", "fortune-teller“, "outbreak", "quarrelsome", "radiance", "reclusive", "unreal", "well-read", "watchdog" …
Слайд 26Vocabulary
Phrases:
- All that glitters is not gold (The Merchant of Venice)
-
Bated breath (The Merchant of Venice)
Dead as a doornail (2Henry VI)
Too much of a good thing (As You Like It)
Dead as a doornail (2Henry VI)
Too much of a good thing (As You Like It)
Слайд 27Vocabulary
Phrases:
- For goodness' sake (Henry VIII)
- Good riddance (Troilus and Cressida)
Laughing
stock (The Merry Wives of Windsor)
Break the ice (The Taming Of The Shrew)
Break the ice (The Taming Of The Shrew)
Слайд 28Vocabulary
Phrases:
- Love is blind (Merchant of Venice)
- Naked truth (Love's Labours
Lost)
- Own flesh and blood (Hamlet)
Wild-goose chase (Romeo and Juliet)
- Own flesh and blood (Hamlet)
Wild-goose chase (Romeo and Juliet)
Слайд 291. Blank verse
unrhymed lines with an arrangement of unstressed and stressed
syllables known as iambic pentameter
“ In sooth I know not why I am so sad”
(from The Merchant of Venice)
Слайд 302. Variations on metre
to make his verse less monotonous, Shakespeare:
altered the
pattern of unstressed
and stressed syllables
“that this too sullied flesh would melt”
(from ‘Hamlet’)
and stressed syllables
“that this too sullied flesh would melt”
(from ‘Hamlet’)
Слайд 312. Variations on metre
to make his verse less monotonous, Shakespeare:
altered the
expected number of syllables
“There’s nothing ill can dwell in such a temple”
(from ‘The Tempest’)
“There’s nothing ill can dwell in such a temple”
(from ‘The Tempest’)
Слайд 322. Variations on metre
to make his verse less monotonous, Shakespeare:
divided a
single line between two or more speakers
Emilia: Why, would not you?
Desdemona: No, by this heavenly light!
(from Othello)
Emilia: Why, would not you?
Desdemona: No, by this heavenly light!
(from Othello)
Слайд 333. Use of verse and prose
Verse
generally used:
by aristocratic characters
in
serious or dramatic scenes
Prose
generally used:
by lower-class characters
in comic scenes
in informal conversations
Слайд 354. Metaphors and similes
“The quality of mercy is not strained.
It droppeth
as the gentle rain from heaven
Upon the place beneath ”
(from ‘The Merchant of Venice’)
(from ‘The Merchant of Venice’)
Слайд 365. Antithesis
“Why then, O brawling love,
O loving hate,
O anything, of
nothing first created:
O heavy lightness, serious vanity”
(from ‘Romeo and Juliet’)
O heavy lightness, serious vanity”
(from ‘Romeo and Juliet’)
The contrast of direct opposites.
Слайд 376. Repetition
“Oh horrible, oh horrible, most horrible!”
(The Ghost in ‘Hamlet’)
Repeated words or phrases add to the emotional intensity of a scene:
Слайд 386. Repetition
“O night, O night, alack, alack, alack,
I fear my Thisbe’s
promise is forgot!
And thou, O wall, O sweet, O lovely wall.”
(from ‘A Midsummer Night’s Dream’)
And thou, O wall, O sweet, O lovely wall.”
(from ‘A Midsummer Night’s Dream’)
Repeated words or phrases add to the comic effect:
Слайд 397. Hyperbole
“Blow me about in winds! Roast me in sulphur!
Wash me
in steep-down gulfs of liquid fire!”
(from ‘Othello’)
(from ‘Othello’)
Extravagant and obvious exaggeration :
Слайд 407. Personification
“Come, civil Night;
Thou sober-suited matron all in black.”
(from ‘Romeo and
Juliet’)
Слайд 418. Irony
Verbal
irony
Saying one thing
but meaning another
Dramatic
irony
It is structural: one
line or scene contrasts sharply with another
The audience knows
something that a character
on stage does not
In Julius Caesar, Mark Antony calls Brutus “an honourable man” but means the opposite
In Macbeth Duncan’s line
“He was a gentleman on whom I built an absolute trust” is followed by the stage direction “Enter Macbeth”
Слайд 429. Pronouns: you and thee
You
Implies either closeness, friendship or contempt
Used to
address someone of higher social rank
Can be aggressive or insulting
Can be aggressive or insulting
Thee
More formal and distant form
Suggests respect for a superior
Courtesy to a social equal
Send clear social signals
