Презентация, доклад по английскому языку История Великобритании ч2

Содержание

Roman Period

Слайд 1Early History of Britain

Early History of Britain

Слайд 2Roman Period

Roman Period

Слайд 3Conquests in the 1st century, focused on commercially valuable regions of

Britain

The Ancient Romans invasion started in AD 43. It was led by Aulus Plautius. It is not known how many Roman legions were sent; but one legion was commanded by the future emperor Vespasian.

Conquests in the 1st century, focused on commercially valuable regions of BritainThe Ancient Romans invasion started in

Слайд 4A Roman soldier wore body armour and a metal helmet on

his head. His shield was shaped like a curved playing card.
A Roman soldier wore body armour and a metal helmet on his head. His shield was shaped

Слайд 5A Roman cavalry helmet.
(found at Ribchester (Lancashire)
A sword belonging to a

Roman army officer

A fancy helmet like this was probably worn for parades or sports events. Roman swords were short. This sword probably belonged to a Roman army officer.

A Roman cavalry helmet.(found at Ribchester (Lancashire)A sword belonging to a Roman army officerA fancy helmet like

Слайд 6Roman army boots
Roman army boots were like sandals, but stronger with

iron nails in the soles. Hard-wearing, but easy to slip when running on wet stones! You could hear Roman soldiers coming - tramp, tramp, tramp along the road!
Roman army bootsRoman army boots were like sandals, but stronger with iron nails in the soles. Hard-wearing,

Слайд 7Roman Legionary Statuette
This small statue shows a Roman soldier of

the 2nd century A.D. Only men could be in the Roman Army. Soldiers had to stay in the army for at least 25 years! Then they could retire, with a pension or a gift of land to farm.
Roman Legionary Statuette This small statue shows a Roman soldier of the 2nd century A.D. Only men

Слайд 8Portchester fort built by the Romans to guard the coast of

Britain

Portchester was one of the forts the Romans built to guard the coast of Britain. This is what it probably looked like in Roman times.

Portchester fort built by the Romans to guard the coast of Britain Portchester was one of the

Слайд 9Bits of Roman road between Manchester and Yorkshire
Ancient Romans were good

at building roads. Bits of Roman road can still be seen. Soldiers and carts used this cobbled road (at Blackstone Edge in Lancashire) to travel between Mamucium (Manchester) and Yorkshire.
Bits of Roman road between Manchester and YorkshireAncient Romans were good at building roads. Bits of Roman

Слайд 10Lunt Fort (Coventry) is a modern reconstruction of a Roman fort.

This photo shows the wooden walls and gate

After the Romans invaded southern Britain, they had to defend it. They built roads, so that soldiers could march quickly to deal with trouble. They also built three very large army forts, and lots of smaller camps, for soldiers to live in.

Lunt Fort (Coventry) is a modern reconstruction of a Roman fort. This photo shows the wooden walls

Слайд 11The soldiers' bath-house at Chesters. This was a Roman cavalry fort

built to guard a bridge over the North Tyne river in Northumberland

At first these forts were built of wood, later they were built of stone.

The soldiers' bath-house at Chesters. This was a Roman cavalry fort built to guard a bridge over

Слайд 12S P Q R Legio II Augusta Roma
By A.D. 61 the

Romans had been in control of southern Britain.
S P Q R Legio II Augusta RomaBy A.D. 61 the Romans had been in control of

Слайд 13Map of Ancient Roman City of Londinium
Many of Britain's major cities,

such as Londinium (London), Mamucium ( Manchester) and Eburacum (York ), were founded by the Ancient Romans.
Map of Ancient Roman City of LondiniumMany of Britain's major cities, such as Londinium (London), Mamucium (

Слайд 14Romans Under Governor Suetonius Paulinus Massacre Druids in Anglesey
The druids, the

Celtic priestly caste were outlawed and prosecuted by Emperor Claudius, and in 61 they vainly defended their sacred groves from destruction by the Romans.
Romans Under Governor Suetonius Paulinus Massacre Druids in AngleseyThe druids, the Celtic priestly caste were outlawed and

Слайд 15Roman gold coin with Emperor Claudius profile minted to commemorate the

victory over the Britons

This Roman gold coin shows Emperor Claudius, with war trophies. The Latin letters stand for 'Triumph over the Britons'.

Roman gold coin with Emperor Claudius profile minted to commemorate the victory over the BritonsThis Roman gold

Слайд 16The army of Suetonius Paulinus the imperial governor returning from campaigning

against Druids in Wales

But under Roman rule the Britons continued to worship their Celtic Gods. So they rebelled and then the Romans faced serious problems. Rebellion began when the Roman governor Paulinus led the Roman army to get rid of the Druids.

The army of Suetonius Paulinus the imperial governor returning from campaigning against Druids in WalesBut under Roman

Слайд 17Iceni tribe coins
Iceni tribe territory
The trouble started in East Anglia. Prasutagus

king of the Iceni tribe died. He left half his kingdom to the Roman emperor,
Iceni tribe coinsIceni tribe territoryThe trouble started in East Anglia. Prasutagus king of the Iceni tribe died.

Слайд 18Boudiccea, Queen of the Iceni, wife of Prasutagus
and half to his

wife, Queen Boudicca (Boudicea).
Boudiccea, Queen of the Iceni, wife of Prasutagusand half to his wife, Queen Boudicca (Boudicea).

Слайд 19The Romans wanted it all. They also wanted extra taxes and

they wanted Boudicca to give up her throne.
The Romans wanted it all. They also wanted extra taxes and they wanted Boudicca to give up

Слайд 20
Boadicea, rallying the troops
Boudicea rallied the troops in AD60-61 and inspired

Britons to fight for their land and freedom.
Boadicea, rallying the troopsBoudicea rallied the troops in AD60-61 and inspired Britons to fight for their land

Слайд 21She led a surprisingly successful British revolt against Roman rule. The

army of Britons led by warrior - heroine destroyed the Roman colony at Colchester, annihilated the ninth Roman legion,
She led a surprisingly successful British revolt against Roman rule. The army of Britons led by warrior

Слайд 22The skulls found in a small London river
and forced the

Roman Governor of Britain, Paulinus, to evacuate London, which was also destroyed. After winning a battle the Celts would chop off the heads of their enemies, and take them home.These skulls were found in a small London river. It’s possible they are the skulls of people killed when Boudicca's army attacked the Roman city.
The skulls found in a small London river and forced the Roman Governor of Britain, Paulinus, to

Слайд 23Boudicca statue (fragment)
A Roman historian Tacitus wrote. "They could not wait

to cut throats, hang, burn and crucify, the whole island was lost for a while in this terrible disaster. Seventy thousand Romans were killed." What added to Rome's shame, he wrote, was that "all this ruin was brought about by a woman".
Boudicca statue (fragment)A Roman historian Tacitus wrote.

Слайд 24Boudicca statue (fragment)
The sculptor Thomas Thornycroft made a statue of Boadicea,

tall with red hair down to her waist, a heroine, commanding and brave, leader of the ancient Britons.
Boudicca statue (fragment)The sculptor Thomas Thornycroft made a statue of Boadicea, tall with red hair down to

Слайд 25Statue of Boudicca at the northern end of Westminster Bridge, opposite

Big Ben, London (1897)

The queen is represented in her chariot with her two daughters. This statue of Boudicca stands beside the River Thames in London. It was made in 1897.

Statue of Boudicca at the northern end of Westminster Bridge, opposite Big Ben, London (1897) The queen

Слайд 26Nevertheless, the rebellion was surpressed by a more numerous army of

the Romans. The Roman rule lasted almost till the end of the 4th century.
Nevertheless, the rebellion was surpressed by a more numerous army of the Romans. The Roman rule lasted

Слайд 27Scotland at that time was not part of Roman Britain, although

in A.D. 84, the Romans won a big battle against the Picts who lived in Scotland.
Scotland at that time was not part of Roman Britain, although in A.D. 84, the Romans won

Слайд 28Roman Emperor Hadrian’s Bust (found in the Thames)
When Emperor Hadrian reached

Britannia on his famous tour of the Roman provinces around 120 AD,
Roman Emperor Hadrian’s Bust (found in the Thames)When Emperor Hadrian reached Britannia on his famous tour of

Слайд 29A Roman Coin of the Emperor Hadrian’s Times
he ordered to build

a defensive wall close along the line of the frontier with Scotland.
A Roman Coin of the Emperor Hadrian’s Timeshe ordered to build a defensive wall close along the

Слайд 30William Bell Scott, The Romans Cause a Wall to be Built

for the Protection of the South, 1857 (Wallington House, Northumberland, England

The painting shows a centurion supervising the building of Hadrian's Wall. The centurions forced Britons from the occupied territories to work at the construction sites with no mercy.

William Bell Scott, The Romans Cause a Wall to be Built for the Protection of the South,

Слайд 31Hadrian's Wall was an immense structure, crossing the island from shore

to shore, 80 Roman miles (117 kilometres) long;
Hadrian's Wall was an immense structure, crossing the island from shore to shore, 80 Roman miles (117

Слайд 32The famous Hadrian's Wall built by the order of Roman Emperor

Hadrian after 122 A.D.

its width and height dependent on the construction materials available nearby.

The famous Hadrian's Wall built by the order of Roman Emperor Hadrian after 122 A.D.its width and

Слайд 33Hadrian's Wall viewed from Vercovicium (Housesteads)
In some places it measured 3

metres wide and five to six metres high, while on others the wall measured 6 metres wide and 3.5 metres high.
Hadrian's Wall viewed from Vercovicium (Housesteads)In some places it measured 3 metres wide and five to six

Слайд 34This modern painting shows Roman soldiers at Birdoswald Fort (Hadrian's Wall).

A centurion watches men training

This does not include the wall's ditches, and forts, where numerous garrisons of Roman soldiers were encamped to watch the borders day and night.

This modern painting shows Roman soldiers at Birdoswald Fort (Hadrian's Wall). A centurion watches men trainingThis does

Слайд 35Remains of a “Mile castle” on Hadrian's Wall
The Romans built

80 of these little forts along the Wall, one every Roman mile (about 1480 metres).
Remains of a “Mile castle” on Hadrian's Wall The Romans built 80 of these little forts along

Слайд 36The wall was the most heavily fortified border in the Empire.

It was to protect southern Roman territories from constant attacks of warlike Picts.
The wall was the most heavily fortified border in the Empire. It was to protect southern Roman

Слайд 37Mile castles on Hadrian's Wall had gateways, where soldiers could check

who was coming and going

In addition to its role as a military fortification, it is thought that many of the gates through the wall would have served as customs posts to allow trade and levy taxation.

Mile castles on Hadrian's Wall had gateways, where soldiers could check who was coming and goingIn addition

Слайд 38Isn’t it amazing that up till now almost 20 centuries later,

though much of the wall has disappeared, it exists and tells us stories of bygone centuries. It was made a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987 as "the most important monument built by the Romans in Britain".
Isn’t it amazing that up till now almost 20 centuries later, though much of the wall

Слайд 39The Roman baths at Bath
England is rich in places where

the traces of Roman rule are clearly seen. The Roman baths Museum at Bath built by Ancient Romans attract thousands of tourists People came in Roman times to bathe in the 'healing waters'.
The Roman baths at Bath England is rich in places where the traces of Roman rule are

Слайд 40
The Roman baths used water from natural springs through the aqueducts

built by Ancient Romans. They are still functioning.
The Roman baths used water from natural springs through the aqueducts built by Ancient Romans. They are

Слайд 41A fragment of a mosaic floor at Lullingstone Roman Villa in

Kent

Fragments of wonderful mosaic floors can be seen at Ancient Romans’ villas. It’s at Lullingstone Roman Villa in Kent

A fragment of a mosaic floor at Lullingstone Roman Villa in KentFragments of wonderful mosaic floors can

Слайд 42Gladiators fighting. A wall decoration
Wall mosaic decorations have also been

well conserved. You can see gladiators fighting on a wall decoration. Each kind of gladiator had different armour and weapons.
Gladiators fighting. A wall decoration Wall mosaic decorations have also been well conserved. You can see gladiators

Слайд 43The amphitheatre at Caerleon (Roman Isca) in south Wales
Some things

the Romans did for fun were horrible. They enjoyed fights between gladiators, and fights between people and animals. These bloodthirsty shows were held in large arenas called amphitheatres. 6,000 people could watch gladiators fighting and other 'games‘ of Ancient Romans in the amphitheatre at Caerleon (Roman Isca) in south Wales.
The amphitheatre at Caerleon (Roman Isca) in south Wales Some things the Romans did for fun were

Слайд 44Ancient Romans Gladiators’ Arena in Chester (unearthed)
Another much smaller arena was

unearthed in the 20th century in Chester.
Ancient Romans Gladiators’ Arena in Chester (unearthed)Another much smaller arena was unearthed in the 20th century in

Слайд 45Remains of the theatre at St Albans
At St Albans (Roman Verulamium)

there still exist the remains of the Roman theatre It was the only Roman Britain’s theatre with a stage. 2,000 people could sit inside.
Remains of the theatre at St AlbansAt St Albans (Roman Verulamium) there still exist the remains of

Слайд 46A statue of Emperor Trajan, in front of the remains of

London’s Roman wall

In today’s London a part of the Ancient Roman wall is still preserved.

A statue of Emperor Trajan, in front of the remains of London’s Roman wallIn today’s London a

Слайд 47Remnants of the Romans - The London Wall
That’s how the past

meets the future.
Remnants of the Romans - The London WallThat’s how the past meets the future.
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