Презентация, доклад по английскому языку Глобализация в России

Prepared: Lysowa L.A, Lopanov A.M.
Verified: Gorkova O.S.

2017 year

factors of international importance (for example, the close economic and political ties, cultural and information exchange) on the social reality in some countries
Globalization — the process of world economic, political and cultural integration and unification.

the economy, as there is a mutual exchange of technological production methods.
The ability to create products in those regions of the world where their production is cheaper.
Cost reduction as there is an exchange of technologies.
Availability of scientific and technical technologies.
The emergence of socio-cultural unity of mankind.

development of domestic production.
Loss of specific features of national cultures.
The emergence of global problems.

contemporary globalization represents the internationalization taking place in all spheres of life – economy, culture, technology, Finance, communications, migrations, etc.However, the causes of this phenomenon, and its origin indicate that it is based on the rapid growth of international trade that took place in certain historical stages. For the first time the word "globalization" (in the sense of "intensive international trade") was used by Karl Marx, who in one of his letters to Engels the end of the 1850s, wrote: "Now the world market actually exists. With the release of California and Japan on the world market globalization is accomplished," .

trade in globalization indicates a number of facts. So, in the previous era of globalization, which began during the lifetime of Marx, the volume of international trade has increased tenfold And end this era of globalization has come precisely at a time when the conditions of the great depression of the 1930s all Western countries have introduced strict protectionism, which caused a sharp curtailment of international trade. Therefore, the basis of contemporary globalization and its historical predecessors, based on an intensive international trade, which is the main content of the phenomenon.

evident in antiquity . So, the Roman Empire adopted its hegemony over the Mediterranean that led to a profound interweaving of different cultures and the emergence of inter-regional division of labour in the Mediterranean.The origins of globalization are the XII—XIII centuries, when simultaneously with the beginning of development of market relations in Western Europe began a rapid growth of European trade and the formation of a "European world economy" After some decline in the XIV—XV centuries this process continued in the XVI—XVII centuries. [7] In these centuries of sustained economic growth in Europe combined with advances in navigation and geographical discoveries. The result of Portuguese and Spanish traders spread around the world and engaged in the colonization of America. In the XVII century the Dutch East India company, trading with many Asian countries, became the first true international company. In the nineteenth century, rapid industrialization led to the growth of trade and investment between the European powers, their colonies, and the United States. During this period, unfair trade with developing countries was in the nature of imperialist exploitation.

the process of globalization has continued, which could not prevent even the First world war. In General, the period from 1815 to 1914, the volume of total exports of European countries has increased approximately 40 times. But the growth of international trade continued in the 1920-ies, when there was even some trade liberalization of the Western European countries. A sharp collapse in international trade and the collapse of globalization occurred in the 1930-ies, after the start of the great depression and the introduction of leading Western powers in 1930-1931. high import duties.[8]After world war II, globalization resumed at an accelerated pace. She contributed to the improvements in technology that led to rapid sea, rail and air transport, as well as access to international calling. Elimination of barriers to international trade since 1947 engaged in the General agreement on tariffs and trade (GATT) — a series of agreements between the major capitalist and developing countries. But the real breakthrough in this direction occurred after the "Kennedy round" (a series of international conferences in the framework of the GATT in 1964-1967). As writes the economic historian P. Berok, "in Western Europe valid trade liberalization occurred after the Kennedy round".[9] In 1995, 75 members of GATT formed the world trade organization (WTO)There are also large regional zone of economic integration. In 1992 the European Union became a single economic space after the conclusion of the Maastricht agreements. This space provides for the abolition of customs duties, free movement of labor and capital and a common monetary system based on the Euro. Less close integration is observed between the members of the North American free trade area: USA, Canada and Mexico. Most former Soviet republics joined after its disintegration in the Commonwealth of Independent States, providing elements of a common economic space.

of world development. Immeasurably increased in comparison with the integration interdependence of economies of different countries is connected with forming of economic space where branch structure, information exchange and technologies, geography of placing of productive forces are determined taking into account world conjuncture, and the economic UPS and downs become a planetary scale.Growing globalization of economy is expressed in sharp increase in scales and rates of movement of capital, faster growth of international trade compared to GDP growth, the emergence of working around the clock in real time of the global financial markets. Created over the past decades information systems have strengthened immeasurably the ability of financial capital to fast moving that contains, at least potentially, capability to destruction of steady economic systems.

complex and contradictory process. On the one hand, it facilitates economic interaction between States, creates the conditions for the access of countries to the advanced achievements of mankind, saves resources, stimulate the world's progress. On the other, globalization leads to negative consequences: fastening of peripheral model of economy, loss of their resources by the countries outside the "Golden billion", the ruin of small business, distribution on the weak countries of globalization of competition, lower living standards etc. To make the fruits of globalization available to the maximum number of countries is one of the tasks facing the world community."[To make the benefits of globalization available to the maximum number of countries, and thus mitigate one of the declared goals of international politics.[source not specified The WTO States that "since 1950 the last decade the volume of world trade grows much faster than global production". So, for 1950-2000. "world trade has grown 20 times and manufacture 6 times." In 1999, "the total amount of exports amounted to 26,4% from world production in comparison with 8% in 1950»

regions;2. Liberalization, i.e. the removal of trade barriers, mobility of investments and development of integration processes; 3. Westernization (eng. western - West) - borrowing the Anglo-American or Western European way of life in Economics, politics, education and culture; the spread of Western values and technologies all over the world; 4. Deterritorial - decreasing importance of state borders, associated with the emergence and growth of transnational corporations (TNCs) and banks (TNB), the formation of the world market of capital, goods, services and information.

borders, associated with the emergence and growth of transnational corporations (TNCs) and banks (TNB), the formation of the world market of capital, goods, services and information.

In principle, all those aspects which we have noted above, promoting online resources and simplification of life in favor of Western standards, largely present in Russia. The institutions of government is also built in line with the global sample: the President and the Parliament now is in most countries of the world, as well as the principle of separation of powers. Many experts believe that the examples of globalization in Russia the most significant in relation to the economic sphere. The argument here is a huge corporate debt, which in the methodology of some economists identified with the state (although strictly speaking it is wrong). Debt of Russian companies to international financial institutions hundreds of billions of dollars. However, some analysts think further integration of Russian economy into global processes can be difficult. And not only because of the known political events. The model of economic development, which is now in Russia, experts say, is not quite ripe for execution the expected the international partners of our country's role in the world.

Take the work book about them in most of the developed countries have forgotten. Also, in many States, there is an hourly wage and not salary, as in most Russian enterprises. But global trends in the Russian economy, of course, and they are not limited to external debt. What can be called the most significant examples of globalization of economic life in Russia? This is probably the active growth of the credit markets - both in the segment of individual persons and organizations. And that, experts say, despite the very high, by modern standards of developed countries, banking interest rates. Another example is the presence of a large number of transnational corporations in Russia and their significant role in the economy of the country. Virtually all segments - retail, consulting, banking, catering, everywhere there is a world of international brands. Even in such strategic industries as oil and gas industry, the prominent role of foreign partners. Some experts believe that in Russia takes place, as in many Western countries, business lobbies in government circles. And it is in a sense also a global trend.