Презентация, доклад на тему Present Perfect Tense (11 form)

events without a definite time. The idea of time or place in the speaker's mind makes the event recent. A time expression may emphasize recentness.
I've left my shopping bag behind.
I've just broken my watch.
2. We can also describe events that have not happened.
I haven't found her phone number yet.

result of the event is present. No definite time is given for the event.
I've broken my arm, as you can see.
I have cleaned the car. It is clean now.
I have finished writing the shopping list, I can go shopping now.

times.
I went to France last year.
2. The tense used can depend on the time expression.
This is the first time I have eaten Japanese food.

this may suggest a definite time.
I left my shopping bag on the train.
I took pictures of Blue Mosque.

present perfect simple describes a state which lasts up to the present.
I've lived in this house for five years.
I haven’t seen her for two years.

which lasts up to the present moment.
I've been living in this house for five years.
There is little difference of meaning between simple and continuous in this case, or with How long questions. The verbs sit, lie, wait, stay prefer the present perfect continuous.
How long have you been waiting?

in a period of time up to the present moment.
I've never worn a tie to work, and I refuse to start now!

an action is not completed, or has recently finished.
We've been walking for hours! Let's have a rest.
I've been digging the garden. That's why I'm so dirty!
He is out of breath, because he has been running.

action is complete. Giving the number of actions suggests completion.
I've written ten pages of my homework assignment!
He has seen five films this week.
We have eaten ten sandwiches since we woke up.
I have run two miles this morning.

in a period of time leading up to the present moment, or the result of the event is still present. No definite time is given.
The choice between the present perfect simple and the past simple can depend on how the speaker thinks.

the matter?' 'I had an accident.'
In the second example, the speaker thinks of the event as finished rather than still connected with the present.

not.
I have just finished polishing my shoes.
I haven’t seen her for ages.
She has dyed her hair yellow.
( The action is complete, it is yellow now and
Evidence in the present.)

action. It suggests that the action is unfinished, or recently finished. The present perfect continuous is not used where the completion of an action is emphasised.
I've been reading. (Completion is not emphasised)
I've read this book. (Completion is emphasised)
I have been running
I have run two miles.

been sitting there for ages.
I waited for three hours.
and for expresses the duration of an action.
We’ve been here for three months.

of time began.
(a starting point)
He's been sitting there since two o'clock.
I’ve been here since March.
He has eaten four hamburgers since he came here.

past simple.
Jill arrived a week ago.
We came here two hours ago.
The plane took off five minutes ago.

occur at an indefinite time in the past.
‘’Yet ‘’ is used in negatives and questions and appears at the end of a sentence.
We haven’t had lunch yet.
‘’ Already ‘’ appears between the auxiliary and the main verb.
They have already finished their project.
‘’already ‘’ may also be placed at the beginning or at the end of a sentence.

‘’ as soon as ‘’, ‘’ during the past few days’’, ‘’ lately’’, ‘’ recently’’ , ‘’ just’’ , ‘’ ever ‘’, ‘’ never ‘’ ,‘’ so far ‘’, ‘’ frequently ‘’ , ‘’ finally’’.
He will call you as soon as he has finished his homework.
During the past two days, I have read six chapters.

has asked / has been asking silly questions!
Has been asking
4. Have you given / Did you give Helen my message when you have seen / saw her?
Did you give / saw

listened / haven't been listening to you.
haven't been listening
The police think that they found / have found your missing wallet, so call this number.
have found

changed / has changed / has been changing.
has changed.
How was your holiday in Italy? Did you visit / Have you visited lots of interesting places?
Did you visit

this is Amanda.
Have you two met
Did you meet / Have you met anyone interesting at the reception ?
Did you meet