Презентация, доклад на тему Жизнь и творчество Уильяма Шекспира

widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's preeminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon" (or simply "The Bard"). His surviving works consist of 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and several other poems. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright.

who bore him three children: Susanna, and twins Hamnet and Judith. Hamnet died of unknown causes at the age of 11 and was buried on 11 August 1596.

William Shakespeare was the son of John Shakespeare, a successful glover and alderman originally from Snitterfield, and Mary Arden, the daughter of an affluent landowning farmer. He was born in Stratford-upon-Avon and baptised on 26 April 1564.

His unknown birthday is traditionally observed on 23 April, St George's Day. Shakespeare was educated at the King's New School in Stratford, a free school chartered in 1553, about a quarter of a mile from his home.

Early Life

allusions and records of performances show that several of his plays were on the London stage by 1592. He was well enough known in London.

Greene’s attack is the first recorded mention of Shakespeare’s career in the theatre. Biographers suggest that his career may have begun any time from the mid-1580s to just before Greene’s remarks. From 1594, Shakespeare's plays were performed only by the Lord Chamberlain's Men, a company owned by a group of players, including Shakespeare, that soon became the leading playing company in London. After the death of Queen Elizabeth in 1603, the company was awarded a royal patent by the new king, James I, and changed its name to the King's Men. Some of Shakespeare's plays were published in quarto editions from 1594. By 1598, his name had become a selling point and began to appear on the title pages. Shakespeare continued to act in his own and other plays after his success as a playwright.

Shakespeare divided his time between London and Stratford during his career.

London and theatrical career

the Blackfriars priory; and from November 1614, he was in London for several weeks with his son-in-law, John Hall.
Shakespeare died on 23 April 1616, and was survived by his wife and two daughters. Susanna had married a physician, John Hall, in 1607, and Judith had married Thomas Quiney, a vintner, two months before Shakespeare’s death.

After 1606–7, Shakespeare wrote fewer plays, and none are attributed to him after 1613. His last three plays were collaborations, probably with John Fletcher, who succeeded him as the house playwright for the King’s Men.
Rowe was the first biographer to pass down the tradition that Shakespeare retired to Stratford some years before his death; but retirement from all work was uncommon at that time, and Shakespeare continued to visit London. In 1612, he was called as a witness in a court case concerning the marriage settlement of Mountjoy's daughter, Mary.

two days after his death. Sometime before 1623, a monument was erected in his memory on the north wall, with a half-effigy of him in the act of writing. Its plaque compares him to Nestor, Socrates, and Virgil.

Juliet”, “Julius Caesar”, “King Lear”, “Hamlet, Prince of Denmark”, “Othello, the Moor of Venice”, “Macbeth”, such comedies as “Twelfth night”, “Much Ado about nothing”, “The Comedy of Errors”, “The Two Gentlemen of Verona” and many others.

The comedies describe the adventures of young men and women, their friendship and love, their search for happiness.

The tragedies reflect the deep, insoluble contradictions of life, the falsehood, injustice and tyranny existing in society. They show people who perish in the struggle against Evil.

Shakespeare is the author of 2 poems, 37 plays and 154 sonnets. His creative work is usually divided into three periods.

THE WORKS OF W.SHAKESPEARE

as The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet by Arthur Brooke in 1562 and retold in prose in Palace of Pleasure by William Painter in 1582. Shakespeare borrowed heavily from both but, to expand the plot, developed supporting characters, particularly Mercutio and Paris. Believed written between 1591 and 1595, the play was first published in a quarto version in 1597. This text was of poor quality, and later editions corrected it, bringing it more in line with Shakespeare's original.

Romeo and Juliet

The tragedy "Romeo and Juliet" stands apart from the other tragedies. It was written during the first period of Shakespeare's creative work, when most of his comedies appeared. The play is full of love, youth and humanism.

save that of young love. Romeo and Juliet have become emblematic of young lovers and doomed love. Since it is such an obvious subject of the play, several scholars have explored the language and historical context behind the romance of the play.

"O brawling love, O loving hate,
O any thing of nothing first create!
O heavy lightness, serious vanity,
Misshapen chaos of well-seeming forms,
Feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire, sick health,
Still-waking sleep, that is not what it is!"
— Romeo, Act I Scene

was required to be modest and shy to make sure that her suitor was sincere, but breaking this rule serves to speed along the plot. The lovers are able to skip a lengthy part of wooing, and move on to plain talk about their relationship — developing into an agreement to be married after knowing each other for only one night.

In the final suicide scene, there is a contradiction in the message — in the Catholic religion, suicides were often thought to be condemned to hell, whereas people who die to be with their loves under the "Religion of Love" are joined with their loves in paradise. Romeo and Juliet's love seems to be expressing the "Religion of Love" view rather than the Catholic view. Another point is that although their love is passionate, it is only consummated in marriage, which prevents them from losing the audience's sympathy.

is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1599 and 1601.

Hamlet, Prince of Denmark

The play, set in the Kingdom of Denmark, recounts how Prince Hamlet exacts revenge on his uncle Claudius for murdering the old King Hamlet, Claudius's brother and Prince Hamlet's father, and then succeeding to the throne and marrying Gertrude, the King Hamlet's widow and mother of Prince Hamlet. The play vividly portrays real and feigned madness — from overwhelming grief to seething rage — and explores themes of treachery, revenge, incest, and moral corruption.

leading tragedian of Shakespeare's time. In the four hundred years since, it has been performed by highly acclaimed actors and actresses from each successive age.

Hamlet is Shakespeare's longest play and among the most powerful and influential tragedies in the English language.

individual conflict reflecting the strong contemporary emphasis on internal struggles and inner character in general. Then too, critics started to focus on Hamlet's delay as a character trait, rather than a plot device. This focus on character and internal struggle continued into the 20th century, when criticism branched in several directions, discussed in context and interpretation below.

The tragedy of Hamlet has always aroused people’s minds. It stirs people’s conscience, makes them fight against Evil for the triumph of Justice and Good.

believed to have been written in approximately 1603, and based on the Italian short story "Un Capitano Moro" ("A Moorish Captain") by Cinthio, a disciple of Boccaccio, first published in 1565. The work revolves around four central characters: Othello, a Moorish general in the Venetian army; his wife Desdemona; his lieutenant, Cassio; and his trusted ensign Iago. Because of its varied and current themes of racism, love, jealousy, and betrayal, Othello is still often performed in professional and community theatres alike and has been the basis for numerous operatic, film, and literary adaptations.

Othello, The moor of Venice

on their weaknesses while they refer to him as "honest" Iago, thus furthering his control over the characters. A. C. Bradley, and more recently Harold Bloom, have been major advocates of this interpretation.
A. Pushkin wrote: “The tragedy of Othello is not that he is too jealous, but that he is too trustful…”

This tragedy is full of passion, jealousy of the moor of Venice - Othello, and treachery of one of his officer Iago.
Thought many critics say that the tragedy belongs primarily to Othello, Iago plays an important role in the plot, and has the biggest share of the dialogue. In Othello, it is Iago who manipulates all other characters at will and controlling their movements.

place my merit in the eye of scorn,
Upon thy side against myself I'll fight
And prove thee virtuous, though thou art forsworn.
With mine own weakness being best acquainted,
Upon thy part I can set down a story
Of faults conceal' d, wherein I am attainted,
That thou in losing me shalt win much glory:
And I by this will be a gainer too;
For bending all my loving thoughts on thee,
The injuries that to myself I do,
Doing thee vantage, double-vantage me.
Such is my love, to thee I so belong,
That for thy right myself will bear all wrong.

Когда захочешь, охладев ко мне,
Предать меня насмешке и презренью,
Я на твоей останусь стороне
И честь твою не опорочу тенью.
Отлично зная каждый свой порок,
Я рассказать могу такую повесть.
Что навсегда сниму с тебя упрёк,
Запятнанную оправдаю совесть.
И буду благодарен я судьбе:
Пускай в борьбе терплю я неудачу,
Но честь победы приношу тебе
И дважды обретаю всё, что трачу.
Готов я жертвой стать неправоты,
Чтоб только правой оказалась ты.

than 4 centuries Shakespeare has remained on of the best known and best loved playwrights and poets in world literature. Every new generation of people finds in his works some problems of particular interest. That’s why Shakespeare “belongs not to the century – but to all times”.