Презентация, доклад по теме The Skeleton

radiation, today known as X-rays
A prominent German physician, who discovered the tuberculosis bacillus ( a small comma-shaped bacterium)
“The father of medicine”
A Swedish astronomer, who developed a similar temperature scale
A Russian surgeon and physiologist. The Moscow Institute of Emergency First Aid has beard his name since 1923
A Poland physician, who resorted to auscultation as a new method of diagnoses
A Scottish biologist, pharmacologist and botanist, who discovered the antibiotic substance “penicillin”
A prominent Soviet surgeon, one of the founders of cardiovascular surgery in the USSR
A Russian professor of the St. Petersburg academy, the founder of the physiological approach in the Russian medical science
A Russian doctor, made a great contribution to the treatment of venereal diseases
A famous eastern (Persian) medical man, who played an important role in the history of medicine and wrote “The Book of Healing” and “The Canon of Medicine”

E N

K O C H

H I P P O C R A T E S

S K L I F A S O V S K Y

L A Y E N E K

F L E M I N G

B A K Y L E V

B O T K I N

Y A R N O V S K Y

A V I C E N N A

C E L S I U S

important vocabulary.
Pay attention on the process of strengthening of our skeleton.
Summarize and systematize our knowledge on the topic: “The Skeleton”

body, it supports the softer tissues and provides points of attachments for most skeletal muscles.
Protection: the skeleton provides mechanical protection for many of the body’s internal organs, reducing risk of injury to them. For example, cranial bones protect brain, vertebrae protect the spinal cord, and the ribcage protects the heart and lungs.
Assisting in movement: skeletal muscles are attached to bones, therefore when the associated muscles contract they cause bones to move.
Storage of minerals and chemical energy: Bone tissues store several minerals, including calcium and phosphorus. When required bones release minerals into the blood – facilitating the balance of minerals in the body. With the increasing age some bone marrow changes from red bone to yellow bone marrow which is an important chemical energy reserve.
Production of blood cells: bone marrow is a gelatinous material that produces white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets.

[sɜːv’aɪkl] шейный
chest [tʃˈest] грудная клетка
coccyx [k’ɒksɪks] копчик
cranial [kr’eɪːnɪəl] черепной
facial [f’eɪːʃl] лицевой
forearm [f’ɔːrɑːm] предплечье
joint [dʒ’ɔɪːnt] сустав
ligament [l’ɪgəmənt] анат. cвязка
lower extremity [louə rɪkstr’emɪti] нижняя конечность
lumbar [l’ʌmbə] поясничный
pelvis [p’elvɪs] таз

k’ɒləm] позвоночный столб
spine [sp’aɪn] позвоночник
the skeleton [ðə sk’elɪtn̩] скелет
thigh[θ’aɪ] бедро
thoracic [θh’ɔːræsɪk] грудной
thorax [θ’ɔːræks] грудная клетка
trunk [tr’ʌŋk] торс
upper extremity [‘ʌpə rɪkstr’emɪti] верхняя конечность
vertebra [v’ɜːtɪbrə] позвонок
verterbrae [v’ɜːəbrɛɪː] позвонки

has over 200 bones.

There are 26 bones in the skull.

spine and the chest (ribs and the breastbone).

The spine consists of the:
I- cervical vertebrae
II- thoracic vertebrae
III-lumbar vertebrae
IV-sacral vertebrae
V- the coccyx

seven cervical vertebrae. Twelve thoracic vertebrae have large bodies. The lumbar vertebrae are the largest vertebrae in the spinal column. They have oval bodies.

vertebrae, the breastbone and 12 pairs of ribs. The breastbone is a long bone in the middle of the chest. It is composed of three main parts. The basic part of the chest is formed by the ribs.

are connected with the breastbone by cartilages. The cartilages of three other ribs are connected with the seventh rib. But the cartilages of these ribs are not connected with the breastbone. The eleventh and the twelfth ribs are not connected with the breastbone either. They are not connected with other ribs, they are free.

hand. It is connected with the trunk by the shoulder girdle.

It is connected with the trunk by the pelvis.

or by the cartilages and ligaments.

Script and choose the most suitable options:
The skeleton of the adult has over:
250 bones
205 bones
200 bones
All the vertebrae compose
the breastbone
the spine
the pelvis
There are:
10 pairs of rib
2 pairs of ribs
12 pairs of ribs
What ribs are free?
the eleventh and the twelfth
the seventh and the sixth ribs
all the ribs
The bones of the skull consist of:
cranial part
facial part
cranial and facial parts

is the lower extremity connected with the trunk
by pelvis
by shoulder girdle
by ribs
In which way is the upper extremity connected the trunk
by pelvis
by shoulder girdle
by ribs
The basic part of the chest is formed by…
cranial and facial parts
the vertebrae
the ribs
The breastbone is…
a long bone in the middle of the spinal column
a long bone in the middle of the chest
a long bone in the middle of the pelvis.

consist of cervical and lumbar parts.
The spine consists of the thoracic, cervical lumbar and sacral vertebrae and the coccyx .
The vertebra is a small bone, which is formed by the body and the arches.
The lumbar vertebrae are the smallest vertebrae in the spinal column.
The cartilages of the eleventh and the twelfth ribs are not connected with the breastbone .
Each rib isn’t composed of a head, neck and body.
The bones of the human skeleton are living things.
The lower extremity is connected with the trunk by the shoulder girdle.
The lower extremity is not connected with the trunk the by the shoulder girdle.
The bones consists of organic and inorganic substance .

osteoporosis
To prevent
Measuring the mineral density of a person's bones
The strength of the bones
To advise several steps towards the goal of healthy bones

the skeleton made of?
Is the spinal column the most important part of the body?
What does the skull include?
The bones of the trunk include the spinal column, the ribs and the breastbone, don’t’ they?
What role do the ribs play?
Is the spinal column formed by the vertebrae?
What is a vertebra?
What does the lower extremity consist of?
By what is the upper extremity connected with the trunk?
In which way are the bones of the skeleton connected together?
What are the functions of the skeleton?
What diseases of bones do you know?
How can a human strengthen the skeleton?

retell the text “The skeleton”
To make up dialogues about the skeleton; the functions of the skeleton; the diseases of bones and how to strengthen our skeleton.
To explain the meaning of the English proverb: “Every family has a skeleton in the cupboard.”