Презентация, доклад по литературе Англии Особенности социального и культурного развития Британии в средние века. (11 класс)

inhabited by “Britons.”
known as the Celts
Stonehenge
no written language
absorbed into the Latin speaking Roman society

Romans withdraw, leaving the Britons/Celts behind

Invasions from the Northern Europe
Anglo-Saxon bring Germanic languages

Latin
The Anglo-Saxons’ two urgings--war and wandering become part of the oral tradition
Beowulf is an example of an Anglo-Saxon hero tale

Beowulf battles Grendel’s mother

of the Church) returns
King Alfred
the Britons become organized
first true king of the Britons
period of prosperity

King Alfred brings an age of prosperity

in the Middle Ages.
Literature During the Medieval Period.
Early English drama.
Early universities in Britain.

centuries

Late Middle Ages
15-17th centuries

William the Conqueror attack and defeat the Britains (a blend of the Britons and Anglo-Saxons) at the Battle of Hastings
the 3rd language is introduced--French
French culture and French literature arrives

divisions...

Latin -- church, schools
French -- court, castle
English -- commoners

The White Tower in London…
part of William’s legacy

Chartres Cathedral

come from Old English (or Anglo-Saxon). Others come from Norman French. 

Beef (from French boeuf) is meat from a cow (from Old English cu), a type of bovine (from Latin bovinus via French bovin). A king (from Old English cyning) can be kingly, royal (from French roial) and regal (from Latin regalis).
In some cases words with the same or similar meanings were borrowed from both Norman French and Parisian French at different times. For example warden comes from Norman French, while guardian comes from Parisian French.

orders, was encouraged during the Age, but this ordering was breaking down.
Clergy
Latin chiefly spoken, those who pray, purpose was to save everyone’s soul
Nobles
French chiefly spoken, those who fight, purpose was to protect—allow for all to work in peace—and provide justice
Commoners
English spoken, those who work, purpose was to feed and clothe all above them

(peasants) lived on a feudal manor. The lord of the manor gave his vassals (the peasants) land to farm.
In return, the vassals received protection from roving bandits. Yet they were taxed and had to surrender a portion of their crops to the lord.
it was better to be a lord than a vassal!
Feudalism is important as it created ties of obedience and fostered a sense of loyalty between the vassals and their lord.

A tenant (vassal) renews his oath of fealty to his lord

manners and morals
Restricted to nobility
The Medieval knight was bound to the chivalric code to be loyal to…
God
his lord
his lady
Chivalric ideals include...
benevolence
brotherly love
politeness
Sir Gawain is an example

of the population
the plague outbreaks occur through the Middle Ages and into the Renaissance

Paradoxically, the Plague provides for continued growth in cities
Afterwards, hundreds of new jobs available
Many debts “died off” with creditors
also contributed to society’s culture

Europe
The Church was the only source of education
Thus, Latin was a common language for Medieval writings.

Sir Gawain)
Courtly Love
Religious Poetry (Julian of Norwich)
Fabliaux (Geoffrey Chaucer)
Sonnets (Petrarch)
Sestinas (Arnaut Daniel)

Gawain and the Green Knight
Presentations of idealized behavior
literature as moral lesson
loyalty to king
chivalry
use of kennings (especially in Beowulf)
Hyphenated expression, representing a single noun. For example, the epic Beowulf uses the two-word term whale-road to refer to the sea or ocean.

relationship between a knight and his liege lord.
The knight serves his courtly lady with the same obedience and loyalty which he owes to his liege lord.
She is in complete control; he owes her obedience and submission

deeds, in order to be worthy of her love or to win her favor.

a sickness.
The "lovesick" knight’s typical symptoms: sighing, turning pale, turning red, fever, inability to sleep, eat or drink.

the lives of saints.

Morality plays appeared in the 1400s. Featured characters who represented a certain quality (good or evil).

use the terms Medieval Times, Middle Ages, and Dark Ages they are generally referring to the same period of time. The Dark Ages is usually referring to the first half of the Middle Ages from 500 to 1000 AD. After the fall of the Roman Empire, a lot of the Roman culture and knowledge was lost. This included art, technology, engineering, and history. Historians know a lot about Europe during the Roman Empire because the Romans kept excellent records of all that happened. However, the time after the Romans is "dark" to historians because there was no central government recording events. This is why historians call this time the Dark Ages. Although the term Middle Ages covers the years between 500 and 1500 throughout the world, this timeline is based on events specifically in Europe during that time.

universities of Britain.
(N. Gordeyeva pp. 11-12)
Gordeyeva pp. 10-11.