Презентация, доклад по английскому языку The US Elections

Inside View
Candidates at the Convention
The Campaign
Polling Places
The Electoral College
The Electoral Map
The Inauguration

Content

duty to vote. This interactive digest will help you learn more about the American process.

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duty to vote. This presentation will help you learn more about the American process.
It’s early in the morning and it’s Election Day. All across America, people are lined up at firehouses, schools, and other public buildings. They will come to these polling places to vote throughout the day. Voters have a chance, each year, to choose the leaders who will govern their cities and towns, their states, or their country. American citizens participate in their government by voting on Election Day.

Election Day

at school, and clubs or organizations, for example. Often groups reach decisions through a voting procedure. Cooperation among the members of a group is required, and groups need rules and leaders to get things done. It is important for each person involved in a group to have a voice in deciding the rules and choosing the leaders. This is accomplished by voting, with members agreeing to follow the choice of the majority, which is more than half of the voting members. The same is true for choosing the leaders who will govern cities, towns, states, and the whole country.

to use your right to vote. Since this is one of the most important rights in a democracy, why not begin getting ready for it now?
This interactive digest contains some voting vocabulary words you will need to understand to be an informed, intelligent voter. 

A Voter’s Vocabulary

who could not be present on an election day.
Ballot is the list that a voter actually uses to vote on.
Candidates are people who are running for political offices.
Constitution is the document that assured and protects our rights, including the right to vote. 
Democracy is a government that is governed by its people, who have the same basic rights and freedoms. 
District is the place you live and are registerd to vote.
Election is voting to decide who will be the public officials.
Platform is a statement that political parties set up of policies and priniciples for voters to consider. 
Political party is an organization that puts forward candidates for political offices. 
Polling place is the place where people go to vote in their district.
Popular vote is the vote cast by individual voters in the presidential election. 
Primary election is an election held to choose candidates for the main election.
Referendum is a vote on a specific issue, like a city's budget or a building project. 
Register means to officially sign up to vote.
Residency is a length of time someone must live in a state before being able to vote there.
Turnout is the number of eligible voters who actually vote in an election.  
  













 

A Voter’s Vocabulary

is the election of the president. This event is held every four years and is often compared to a race. We say that someone is “running for office” and that the “presidential race” is on. People who are trying to be elected to a particular official job are called “candidates.” Almost any citizen who wants to be president can announce that they are a candidate. Usually, serious candidates for president are people with a lot of experience in government (e.g., governors of states or members of Congress). Choosing presidential candidates can begin more than two years before the actual election.

The Election of
the President

government and politics?
2. How often are U.S. presidential elections held?
3.On what day are presidential elections held?
4. How are people who try to be elected called?

Answer the Questions

about them and are familiar with their ideas. Presidential candidates try to travel to all fifty states. Some candidates for other offices may campaign only in their own states or cities.
Candidates want everyone to recognize their names and faces. Some are already well-known to the American public, for example, Bill Bradley of New Jersey was a basketball star and John Glenn of Ohio was an astronaut before they became senators. Ronald Reagan was a movie actor before serving as governor of California and later as president of the United States.
Candidates do quite a lot to gain popularity – shake hands, greet people, and give speeches. They appear on television and radio shows, run ads in newspapers, and argue with other candidates during televised debates. Presidential candidates want the voters to know what they stand for, their ideas on important issues and problems. They talk about what they will do if they win the race for president.

Candidates

ideas about government.
The United States has two main political parties: the Democratic party and the Republican party.
There are some smaller parties, too. This allows for more than two candidates to run for president.

Political Parties

Make up an original title for your “response map” which includes the name of your political party. Include the following items in your “response map” so it can be used as a guide in an oral presentation. You may use the following plan or make your own.
Section 1 Find and copy a current campaign slogan used by your political party.
Section 2
Draw the mascot/logo for your political party. Include a brief description of how the mascot/logo represents the party. If a mascot/logo doesn't exist, create one and explain how it represents the party.
Section 3
Find a photo of, draw or trace a famous person from your party and include a significant quote from that person.
Section 4
Create an original political cartoon which reflects your party's position on immigration.
Make your response map colorful and pleasing to the eye.

Project
«Political Parties»

from each party will eventually be chosen to run for president. People who are members of the two main political parties often help to select that one person months before the actual presidential election. They do this by voting in primary elections that are held in many states.
The primary election season usually begins in February. The first primary election takes place in New Hampshire and ends early in June. Party members choose the candidate they prefer from their state in each state primary. Candidates in some states are chosen at a large state meeting called a “convention,” or at smaller meetings called “caucuses.”

The Primary Election:
The Race is On!

and all of the states participate. This event takes place in the summer before the presidential election. Representing the state’s voters, each state party sends delegates to vote for the candidate preferred in their state.
Each party will have chosen its final candidates for president and vice president when the conventions end. Each party also writes its platform at the conventions. “Platform” is a plan of action for the government in the next four years. The platform lists the ideas that the party will “stand” on. It also outlines the party position on the important problems that face the nation.
Slavery was the biggest issue when Abraham Lincoln was a candidate. The Vietnam War was on everyone’s mind in the 1960s and 1970s. Candidates and parties, more recently, have had to show where they stand on health-care reform, the economy and budget, and the environment.

National Conventions

party’s candidate for President at the national convention. Each of the fifty states has sent a group of people called a "delegation" to represent its voters. Smaller states may have only a few delegates, while states with large populations have many delegates. The names of all the candidates are placed in nomination to be considered by the entire convention during the roll call of the states. As a state is called, the delegates cast their votes for the candidates who are most popular in their states.
One candidate can be declared the winner if the candidate has a majority of votes after just one ballot or roll-call vote. If no one has a clear majority, there must be another call of the roll. Balloting continues until there is a winner. It took the Democrats fourteen days and over one hundred ballots to select a candidate in 1924. The candidate with the most votes wins and becomes the party’s choice for President of the United States.

National Conventions – An Inside View

take a minute and test your knowledge.
Match the word(s) in the left-hand column to complete the questions or statements in the right-hand column.

flew to Chicago in that year to accept the Democratic nomination in person. It has been part of the American political tradition since then for the candidate to make a personal appearance at the convention.
A presidential candidate is chosen near the close of the convention. A great deal of thought to selecting a running mate is given by the candidate for President and the party leaders. The party usually wants to have a “balanced ticket.” This means the party wants two candidates who come from different backgrounds.
Once candidate may be from the East, the other from the West or South. One candidate may have been a Governor, the other a Senator. One candidate may come from a poor family, the other from a wealthy family. Candidates may practice different religions. A political party hopes to appeal to more voters by selecting candidates who differ in some way.

Candidates at the Convention

take a minute and test your knowledge.
Match the word(s) in the left-hand column to complete the questions or statements in the right-hand column.

and celebrations are over. The really hard work is just beginning for the candidates, though. The final campaign gets under way after the major parties choose their candidates.
The race for the White House is front-page news for the next few months. The candidates go out on the road again, meeting and greeting the voters. During this time, they give hundreds of speeches and interviews. It is during this period that presidential debates take place, too.

The Campaign

time November arrives. It has been an exhausting year for the candidates and all their workers. The first Tuesday after the first Monday in November is Election Day for national elections. People all over the country go to polling places in their neighborhoods to vote. Some people mark paper ballots to choose the candidate they want for President of the United States, but most use electronic voting machines. The nation will know who the next President will be when all the votes are counted.
Voters are questioned by reporters as they leave polling places. Along with early electronic results from voting machines, the information they gather enables the television networks to predict winners even before all the polls close. A winner is announced based on the popular vote. Once the winner is known, he makes a victory speech. The losing candidate makes a concession speech.

Polling Places

take a minute and test your knowledge.
Match the word(s) in the left-hand column to complete the questions or statements in the right-hand column.

the president? People actually vote for a group of electors when they go to the polls on Election Day. These electors have pledged to support a party's nominee for president. In many states the ballot lists only the names of the nominees and not the names of the electors, so many people believe they are voting for the president.
In 1787, the delegates to the Constitutional Convention decided on this system of indirect election of the president. Long debates took place about how to make sure the best candidate would be chosen as president. Some delegates supported a direct election by citizens. Others favored having Congress choose the president. Still others thought that state legislatures should make the choice.
The delegates finally agreed on a compromise. Electors chosen by each state would elect the president. Ordinary citizens in each state would have a say this way, but the final decision would be made by people who were better informed about the candidates and the issues.
The Electoral College, this system of presidential electors, is still in effect today, although some adjustments have been made over the years. The electors voted for two candidates at first. The one with the highest number of votes became president. The one with the second-highest number became vice president. In 1796, political foes were chosen for the two posts -- Federalist John Adams for president and Democratic-Republican Thomas Jefferson for vice president.

The Electoral College

take a minute and test your knowledge.
Match the word(s) in the left-hand column to complete the questions or statements in the right-hand column.

the presidency. You'll notice, on election night, that the TV commentators keep track of the states each nominee wins. They add up the number of electoral votes that each state win represents. The race is over as soon as one of the nominees gets one more than half, or 270, of the total of electoral votes.
By the end of election night or early the next morning, the nation usually knows the winner of the election. The president is not officially elected until the members of the Electoral College cast their state's votes in December, however, and Congress counts those votes on January 6.

The Electoral Map

is re-elected must be sworn in again. The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court reads the Oath of Office outside the Capitol Building. The President and Vice President swear to do their jobs to the best of their abilities and to be faithful to the Constitution. There is a huge parade up Pennsylvania Avenue to the White House after the official ceremony. The new President rides in a limousine or walks along the parade route, smiling and waving to the crowd. Many fancy inaugural balls are held all over the city of Washington at night to celebrate the President’s election.

The Inauguration

take a minute and test your knowledge.
Match the word(s) in the left-hand column to complete the questions or statements in the right-hand column.