Презентация, доклад по английскому языку The dual nature of verbals.(nominal and verbal)

the infinitive.

The infinitive’s
combinability.

The verb- type combinability – is displayed in its combining:

With nouns, expressing the object of the action.
With nouns, expressing the subject of the action.
With modifying adverbs.
With predicator verbs of semi- functional nature, forming a verbal predicate.
With auxiliary finite verbs( word - morphemes) in the analytical forms of the verb.

The noun- type combinability- is displayed in its combining:

With finite notional verbs as the object of the action.
With finite notional verbs as the subject of the action.

combinability- is displayed in its combining:

With modifying adverbs.

With nouns, expressing the object of the action.

With certain semi- functional predicator verbs, but other than modal.

The noun- type combinability- is displayed in its combining:

With finite notional verbs as the object of the action.
With finite notional verbs as the prepositional adjunct of various functions
With finite notional verbs as the subject of the action.
With nouns as the prepositional adjunct of various functions.

noun - subject in the possessive case, expressing the subject of the action;this gerundial construction is used, when the subject of the gerundial process differs from the subject of the governing sentence – situation,i. e. when the gerundial sentence - part has its own, separate subject:
E.g.:Powell’s being rude like that was disgusting.How can she know about the Morions’ being connected with this unaccountable affair?

The verbal ing- form + the noun- subject in the common case or its objective pronominal equivalent; this gerundial use to present very peculiar features of categorial mediality.

E.g.:I read in yesterday’s paper about the hostages having been released.

is revealed:
In its being combined, in various uses, with nouns, expressing the object of the action.
With nouns, expressing the subject of the action(in semi-predicative complexes)
With modifying adverbs.
With auxiliary finite verbs( word- morphemes) in the analytical forms of the verb.

The adjective- type combinability is revealed in its association with the modified nouns, as well as with some modifying adverbs, such as adverbs of degree.

The adverb- type combinability is revealed in its association with the modified verbs.

it has no distinct combinability features or syntactic function features specially characteristic of the adverb.

THESE FORMS OF THE VERBS.

A special grammar category- the category of “finitude”.

The function- is to express semi- predication ( they unable to express the predicative meanings of time and mood), building up different semi- predicative complexes. They express the “ secondary”,“ potential” predication.

The function- is to express predication( predicative meanings or time and mood) in its genuine and complete form.

The syntactic content of the category is the expression of predication.

complexes with verbals.

The verbids, expressing the “ secondary” predication,
form syntactic complexes directly related
certain types of subordinate clauses:
Cf.: Have you ever had anything caught in your head? Have you ever had anything that was caught in your head? – He said it half under his breath for the others not to hear it.- He said it half under his breath, so that the others couldn’t hear it.
The verbid complexes anything caught in your head, or for the others not to hear it, or the like, while expressing secondary predication, are not self- dependent in a predicative sense.They normally exist only as part of sentences built up by genuine, primary predicative constructions that have a finite verb as their core. And it’s through the reference to the finite verb- predicate that these complexes set up the situations denoted by them in the corresponding time and mood perspective.

two presentation forms
Of English infinitive

To- infinitive
(«marked infinitive»)- it’s characterized by the free use of the infinitive, is distinguished by the pre- positional marker to.

Bare infinitive
(«unmarked infinitive»)- it’s characterized by the bound uses of the infinitive; this form doesn’t employ the marker to; it presents the infinitive in the shape of the pure verb stem -« the zero- suffixed form».

with :

modal verbs( except the modals ought and used).
with verbs of physical perceptions.
with the verbs -let, bid, make, help( with the latter- optionally).
with the verb know in the sense of “ experience“.
with a few verbal phrases of modal nature ( had better, would rather, would have, etc.).
with the relative – inducive why.

To