Презентация, доклад по английскому языку Театр

fine art that uses live performers to present the experience of a real or imagined event before a live audience in a specific place. The performers may communicate this experience to the audience through combinations of gesture, speech, song, music or dance. Elements of design and stagecraft are used to enhance the physicality, presence and immediacy of the experience. The specific place of the performance is also named by the word "theatre" as derived from the Ancient Greek θέατρον (théatron, “a place for viewing”) and θεάομαι (theáomai, “to see", "to watch", "to observe”).

from which it borrows technical terminology, classification into genres, and many of its themes, stock characters, and plot elements.

Theatre scholar Patrice Pavis defines theatricality, theatrical language, stage writing, and the specificity of theatre as synonymous expressions that differentiate theatre from the other performing arts, literature, and the arts in general.

Drama

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance. The term comes from a Greek word meaning "action", which is derived from the verb δράω, dráō, "to do" or "to act". The enactment of drama in theatre, performed by actors on a stage before an audience, presupposes collaborative modes of production and a collective form of reception. The structure of dramatic texts, unlike other forms of literature, is directly influenced by this collaborative production and collective reception. The early modern tragedy Hamlet (1601) by Shakespeare and the classical Athenian tragedy Oedipus the King (c. 429 BCE) by Sophocles are among the masterpieces of the art of drama. A modern example is Long Day's Journey into Night by Eugene O’Neill (1956).

TYPES

Musical theatre

Music and theatre have had a close
relationship since ancient times—
Athenian tragedy, for example, was
a form of dance-drama that employed
a chorus whose parts were sung (to
the accompaniment of an aulos—an
instrument comparable to the modern
clarinet), as were some of the actors‘
responses and their 'solo songs‘
(monodies). Modern musical theatre is a form of theatre that also combines music, spoken dialogue, and dance. It emerged from comic opera (especially Gilbert and Sullivan), variety, vaudeville, and music hall genres of the late 19th and early 20th century.

"Silva" Theatre of Musical Comedy

Musical theatre

TYPES

after Shakespeare's Macbeth (1606) hit the boards, Claudio Monteverdi brought Orfeo (1607) to stage in the court of Mantua; a few years later, Monteverdi would move to Venice and establish opera as a vital and popular musical-theatre form. The emergence of opera unquestionably challenges the progressivist thesis: not only is the form based in song rather than speech, but also many of its performance techniques are highly conventionalized.

No doubt opera was an early beneficiary of Renaissance Italian discoveries in scenic design and machinery, much of which sought to amaze by its realism, but these discoveries preceded the origins of opera (Sebastiano Serlio died in 1554) and were almost immediately taken up not only within opera, but outside of it as well (the English court saw stagings of spoken theatre with perspective scenery and mechanical devices at least twelve times before 1634 [Gurr 208]). At any rate, it would be a curious thing indeed to characterize opera on the basis of its staging techniques

TYPES

Mosaic, Roman artwork, 2nd century CE.
Theatre productions that use humour as a vehicle to tell a story qualify as comedies. This may include a modern farce such as Boeing Boeing or a classical play such as As You Like It. Theatre expressing bleak, controversial or taboo subject matter in a deliberately humorous way is referred to as black comedy.

TYPES

play" is a reference to the structural origins of drama. In it the spoken parts were written in the Attic dialect whereas the choral (recited or sung) ones in the Doric dialect, these discrepancies reflecting the differing religious origins and poetic metres of the parts that were fused into a new entity, the theatrical drama.

TYPES

Hamlet

in a variety of ways.

Theatrical enterprise varies enormously in sophistication and purpose.
People who are involved vary from professionals to hobbyists to spontaneous
novices. Theatre can be performed with no money at all or on a grand scale with
multi-million dollar budgets. This diversity manifests in the abundance of
theatre sub-categories, which include:
Broadway theatre and West End theatre
Community theatre
Dinner theatre
Fringe theatre
Off-Broadway and Off West End
Off-Off-Broadway
Regional theatre
Summer stock theatre

Theatre organization
and administration