Презентация, доклад по английскому языку на тему Искусство

paintings, drawings and sculptures from private collections grew Pavel and Sergei Tretyakov brothers. Currently, the gallery features more than 180 thousand exhibits

old, but not very rich merchant family. Their father, Michael Z., gave them a good education at home. From his youth, they do a family affair at first trade and then industry. Brothers created the famous Grand Kostroma linen manufactory products, many engaged in charity and social activities. Both brothers were collectors, but Sergey doing this as an amateur, but for Pavel Mikhailovich it became his life's work, in which he saw his mission

Famous collectors were Kokorev Soldatenkov Prianishnikov and, at one time there was a gallery Svinyin. But it is not only distinguished Tretyakov artistic flair, but also democratic convictions, deep true patriotism, responsibility for the native culture. The important thing is that he was both a collector and patron of artists, and sometimes inspiration, moral, co-author of their work. To him we owe the splendid portrait gallery of prominent figures of culture and social life. He was an honorary member of the date of foundation of the Co

Maloyaroslavets Kaluga governorship, where in 1774, arrived in Moscow grandfather Elisha Martynovich Pavel Tretyakov (1704-1783) with his wife and sons. The next generation Tretyakov successfully expand trade and increase capital. Particularly well things went at Michael Zakharovich Tretyakov (1801-1850), aided by his marriage to the daughter of a successful businessman on the major export of bacon to England Danilovna Alexandra Borisova (1812-1899). 15 (27) December 1832 their first child was born, the future founder of the famous art gallery Pavel Tretyakov. After he was born, Sergei (1834-1892), Elizabeth (1835-1870), Daniel (1836-1848), Sofia (1839-1902), Alexander (1843-1848), Nicholas (1844-1848), Michael (1846-1848 ), Hope (1849-1939).In 1848, the family suffered a grief: died of scarlet fever have four children, and in 1850 he died, and Michael Z. Tretyakov. After his death, all the movable and immovable property has got two sons, Paul and Sergey, who successfully continued his father's trade.

will of Michael Zakharovich, the eldest of the sisters, Elizabeth, who was 15 years old, prepared to marry older trusted clerk Vasily Dmitrievich Konshina. He wanted Konshin enter the business, M.Z.Tretyakov decided to seal the marriage partnership. Mother did not heed the desperate pleas of her daughter, and in 1852 Elizabeth, submissive to the will of his father, got married. In connection with this marriage ahouse in Moscow had previously been bought, in the area of ​​modern Tolmachevsky lanes.

Tretyakova Danilovna January 1, 1860 opened a trading house "P. and S. Tretyakov brothers and V.Konshin". Sergei Mikhailovich Tretyakov. 1856 this time the younger brother Sergei Tretyakov was already married, in 1856, he held his wedding with Elizabeth Mazurina Sergeyevna (1837-1860). Unfortunately, the happy marriage lasted for a short time, having given birth to son Nicholas (1857-1896), Elizabeth S. soon died. In 1868, Sergey married Elena Andreevna Matveeva.

time. Only in August 1865 he had his wedding with Vera Nikolayevna Mammoth (1844-1899), a cousin of the famous art patron Savva Mamontov (1841-1918). It was the beginning of a long happy married life. the eldest daughter Vera (1866-1940) was born in 1866, followed by Alexander (1867-1959), Love (1870-1928), Michael (1871-1912), Maria (1875-1952), Ivan (1878-1887). They liked each other very much.

favorite, the father’ hope.
Pavel Tretyakov. In 1884 the second son, Michael, was born sick, feeble-minded, and never brought joy to parents. Daughter Alexandra Tretyakova recalled: "From that time the character of the father has changed a lot. He became morose and taciturn. Only grandchildren forced former manifest affection in his eyes. "
In 1887, the eldest daughter Vera married a talented pianist Alexander Ilyich Ziloti, a cousin of the composer Rachmaninoff. Vera was capable pianist. Tretyakov’s relative composer Tchaikovsky advised her to enter the conservatory. But Pavel Tretyakov had traditional views on the education of children: he gave an excellent education to the daughters at home. Music, literature, foreign languages, concerts, theater, art exhibitions, travel - these are the components of home care in the Tretyakov family. In their house there were artists, writers, musicians, including Turgenev, Tchaikovsky, Rubinstein, Ilya Repin, Kramskoy, VM Vasnetsov, in .G.Perov, V.D.Polenov and many, many others.

children were grown up the same. The eldest daughter married a musician and has been all his life happy with it. Lyubov Pavlovna even if the father lives with his blessing married artist N.N.Gritsenko with father’s blessing. Daughters-in-law and Pavel Tretyakov. 1894Vo second marriage she was married to a famous artist L.S.Bakstom, known not only for his paintings, but also the design of ballets for Diaghilev's Russian Seasons in Paris. Two other daughters married Botkins brothers, the sons of the well-known clinician Sergei Petrovich Botkin (1832-1889). Alexander - a doctor and collector Sergei Botkin, Mary - navy sailor, physician, inventor, traveler Alexander Botkin.

it to the city and already in a will from 1861 stipulated the conditions of the transfer, allocated large sums for its maintenance. August 31 1892, in a statement to the Moscow City Duma on the transfer of Moscow, his galleries and galleries of his brother, he wrote, that does it, "Desiring to promote the device in an expensive me the city of useful institutions, to promote the prosperity of art in Russia and together in order to save for evermore assemble a collection of me. " The City Council gratefully accepted the gift, and decided to allocate annually five thousand rubles for the purchase of new collections of exhibits. In 1893, the gallery was officially opened to the public

the hype around his name. He wanted a quiet opening and when the celebrations were organized, went abroad. He gave up the nobility, which was granted to him by the emperor. "I was born a merchant, and the merchant will die", - he explained his refusal. However, he gratefully accepted the title of honorary citizen of Moscow. This title was awarded to him by the City Council as a sign of high distinction and gratitude for his high contribution to the preservation of Russian culture.

the appointment in 1913 to the post of its trustee Igor Grabar, painter, art historian, architect and art historian. Tretyakov gallery became a museum of European level. The first years of Soviet power Grabar remained director of the museum, which the decree of the CPC in 1918 was awarded the status of national heritage.

expansion of the museum. Tretyakov Gallery has received an adjacent building, which houses the administration, handwriting and other departments. After the closure of the church of St. Nicholas in Tolmachi it converted to the storerooms ofthe museum, and in 1936 there was also a new body called "schusevskogo", which was first used as an exhibition, but then it also housed the main exposition.

building on Krymsky Val. Here are regularly held large-scale art exhibitions, as well as a collection of Russian art of XX century. Affiliates of Tretyakov Gallery are also House-Museum of Viktor Vasnetsov, Museum-apartment of his brother -. Vasnetsov Museum-apartment of sculptor A. Golubkina, house-museum of P.D. Korin, and the temple-museum of St. Nicholas in Tolmachy, which since 1993 resumed service.

Museum Church of St Nicholas in Tolmachy, a unique combination of museum exhibits and a functioning church.

half of the nineteenth century, equal to her there. Pavel Tretyakov was, perhaps, the main buyer of the work of the Wanderers from the first of their exhibitions. Paintings Perov, Kramskoy, Polenov, Ge, Savrasov, Kuindzhi, Vasilyeva, Vasnetsov, Surikov, Repin, acquired even by the founder of the Tretyakov Gallery - the pride of the museum. Here you can find really the best examples of the golden age of Russian painting.

to the Wanderers. Works Nesterov, Serov, Levitan, Malyavina, Korovin and Alexander Benois, Vrubel, Somov, Roerich took pride of place in the exhibition. After October 1917, the museum collection is enriched both through nationalized collections, as well as through the work of contemporary artists. Their canvases give an idea of the development of Soviet art, its official currents and underground avant-garde.

the twenty-first century works department of the latest trends, which are collected works of contemporary art. In addition to paintings, the gallery a large collection of Russian graphic art, sculpture, there is a valuable archive of manuscripts. A rich collection of ancient art, icons - one of the best in the world. Getting it was laid Tretyakov. After his death, she was about 60 items, and currently employs about 4,000 units.

Tretyakov Gallery was established in 1986 (it was renamed the All-Russia Association in 1994). The Gallery’s building on Krymsky Val houses the only permanent exhibition of 20th century Russian art in the country.