Презентация, доклад по английскому языку на тему Пассивный залог

1935.
(active verb –
we say what the subject does)
This house is quite old.
It was built in 1935 (by my grandfather).
(passive verb –
We say what happens to the subject)

lot of money was stolen in the robbery.
3. Our tests have been corrected.
(the person who does the action is unknown, unimportant or obvious from the context)
Неизвестно, очевидно или неважно, кто выполняет действие

action itself is more important than the person who carries it out)
действие важнее, чем лицо, его выполняющее
5. Serious damage was caused to the building.
(when we want to make the statement more polite or avoid taking responsibility)

Perfect:
Future Simple:
Modals:
Infinitive:

am, is, are + pp
am, is, are being+pp
was/were + pp
Was/were being +pp
Have/has been + pp
Had been + pp
Will be + pp
Modal + be + pp
(to) be + pp

is cleaning the room at the moment.
Somebody cleaned the room yesterday.

This room is cleaned every day.

The room is being cleaned at the moment.

The room was cleaned yesterday.

looks nice.
Somebody will clean the room later.
Somebody must clean the room.

The room has been cleaned.

The room will be cleaned later.

The room must be cleaned.
The room has to be cleaned.

object

Object – subject
Дополнение - подлежащим

A report was written
subject verb
by Sara.
agent
Subject – agent
Подлежащее – исполнителем действия

дополнение) имеют форму страдательного залога.
write a book
build a house
paint a portrait
Tolstoy wrote this book.
This book was written by Tolstoy.
Некоторые переходные глаголы не имеют формы страдательного залога:
have, exist, seem, fit, suit, resemble, etc

meal was made with fresh fish.
The photo was taken by my brother.
It was taken with a digital camera.

By + agent (действующее лицо)
With + instrument/material/ingredient
(инструмент, материал, ингредиент)

если подлежащее действительного залога выражено словами: they, he, people, somebody.

People eat a lot of junk food now.
A lot of junk food is eaten now.

образовать две формы страдательного залога: bring, tell, show, teach, promise, offer, read, give, etc.
Tom showed Sara(1) some photos(2).

Sara was shown some photos by Tom.
Some photos were shown to Sara by Tom.

be в повседневной речи, если речь идет о случайном или неожиданном действии.
The cheque got lost in the mail.
He got hit by a truck.
Only when things HAPPEN
! Get married, divorced, dressed, lost – are not passive in meaning

в пассивном залоге следует инфинитив с частицей to.
She made me lie.
I was made to lie.

is said to have lost his job.
(passive personal)
It is said (that) he has lost his job.
(passive impersonal)
THINK, BELIEVE, SAY, REPORT, KNOW, EXPECT, ETC