Презентация, доклад по английскому языку Из истории Англии

[bI'fɔ:kraIst] people came
from the north of Spain
(the Iberian Peninsula) to
many parts of Europe
including the British Isles.

Stonehenge. It was constructed before 2000 BC and is a trace of the ancestors of the British people. Stonehenge is a circle of huge stone slabs. It is situated in the southern part of England.

because the British Isles were invaded by the Celts. The Celts may originally have come from eastern and central Europe.
Celtic people lived in tribes. Each tribe was ruled by its own queen or king who represented a warrior class. The priests, called druids, were important members of Celtic tribes. These druids could not read or write but they memorized all the religious teaching, the tribal laws, history, medicine and natural philosophy. Celtic tribes were represented by the Picts, the Scots and the Britons.

1st century BC. This Empire was the last and greatest civilization of the ancient world.
At that time two thousand years ago the Celtic people were still living in tribes. And Roman society, of course, was very much different from the Celts in many ways.
Romans first attacked Britain in 55–54 BC under Julius Caesar. But they really conquered Britain in the 1st century Anno Domini (AD) ['ænəu 'dɔmInaI], in 43 AD when the Roman Emperor Claudius decided to make Britain part of the Roman Empire. And Britain became one of its numerous provinces. They forced the population to pay tribute.

Roman armies left Britain, but it did not last long.
Already in the 4th century Britain was raided by the Germanic tribes — the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes. The tribes of Angles and Saxons came from the territory of modern Germany and Denmark. As for the Jutes, their tribe was smaller and they came from Juteland (modern northern Denmark).
All beautiful towns and buildings left by the Romans were destroyed by these barbaric people.
Of all three tribes, the Angles became the strongest. Later two tribes of the Angles and the Saxons united and were called Anglo-Saxons. These Anglo-Saxon people are the ancestors of the English.
They called their speech English and their country — England, that is "the Land of Angles".
The British Celts (the Britons) fought the raiders. But they took houses, fields and cattle from the Britons. So the Britons had to go to the mountains in the far West and settle there. The Saxons called that place "Weallas" or "Wales" meaning "the land of the foreigners". This part of Britain is called Wales now. Other Celts were driven into the lands in the North which became known as Scotland. So, Wales and the highlands of Scotland are inhabited by the oldest Scots called today "the Celtic fringe of the island".
Anglo-Saxons founded 10 separate kingdoms, the most powerful of which were Wessex, Sussex, Essex, Kent, East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria. These seven are known as heptarchy ['hepta:kI] and they are now some of the counties of Great Britain.

and the 9th centuries there were also Scandinavian invaders who wanted to conquer Britain. They were the Vikings. In 789 the Vikings began to attack the British Isles. They came from Norway, Sweden and Denmark and were called Norsemen.
They made York the capital of their kingdom. The Vikings brought their language, traditions,
art and built towns in
England. The English got
rid of the Vikings only in
the 10th century.

remember: before the Normans, there were four different peoples who invaded England.They were:
the Celts (the 6th century BC)
the Romans (the 1st century AD)
the Anglo-Saxons (the 5th century)
the Vikings (the end of the 8th century)
The Norman Conquest was the fifth invasion. And it is so well-known because it was the last invasion of Britain.
On October 14th, 1066, King William (Duke of Normandy) defeated the army of the English King Harold in the Battle of Hastings.

their country, the Normans were still much stronger than the Anglo-Saxons. When William, Duke of Normandy, was crowned, he became the King of England. He settled in London and was called William the Conqueror.
For 500 years the Normans were masters of Britain. London became a busy, rich and crowded city. The Normans did their best to make it look beautiful.
At that time the Tower of London was built on the Thames and it stands there still unchanged.
Westminster Abbey was finished and William was the first King to be crowned there. Since then all English kings were crowned in Westminster Abbey.

numerous wars outside and within the country.
The 14th century was a century of social unrest, because in the 1330’s England began a long
struggle against the French
throne. This war with
France lasted for more
than a hundred years
but is known as the
Hundred Years’ War
(it began in 1337 and
came to an end in 1453).
The French won and
forced the English to
leave France.

of the Roses. This war was because of dynastic crisis between two Houses (the Lancasters and the Yorks). This crisis led to the civil war (1455–1485) when they were struggling for the English Throne. Finally, the Tudors won and came to the throne.
In the 16th century the powerful Tudor Dynasty ruled Britain.

very
cruel king who
murdered many
people. He was
also the founder
of Anglican Church.

cruel.
It was Queen
Mary, who
ordered to burn
hundreds of
Protestants.

45 years.
Her reign was
glorious. She is
thought to be the
most generous ruler.

dynasty — the Stuarts. This time is remembered for the great disagreement between the Stuarts and Parliament, during which the Parliament won victory over the royal dynasty. After this the power of kings of Britain became limited.

periods in the British history that got their names from different monarchs. For example, the 18th and the first half of the 19th centuries were called the Georgian period, because all the kings who ruled during that time were named George.

The Victorian period got its name after Queen Victoria who ruled the country for 64 years (1837–1901). These two periods were glorious for Britain because it got a lot of colonies — large territories in India, Australia, America and Africa. But some of the colonies which were dependent on the British Empire were self-governing dominions. Among them were Canada, Australia and New Zealand. For other countries Britain appointed a monarch.

At those times Britain ruled over one quarter of the Earth.

in power and Britain began to lose its position. And the colonial population began to struggle for independence.

In 1947 Britain lost its first two colonies — India and Pakistan. But nobody in the ruling class of Britain wanted to lose control over their colonies. So, the former members of the British Empire were united in an association called the Commonwealth of Nations. It was in 1949. The Commonwealth includes Ireland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and others.

The Queen of Great Britain is the Head of the Commonwealth. Queen Elizabeth II is also the Queen of Canada, Australia and New Zealand.

Hood.
He was a strong, tall, handsome
man. The legend says that once
the Normans came to the house
where Robin lived and Robin’s
father was killed in a fight. They
took everything from the house
and then burnt it down. But
Robin’s life was saved,
because he ran away to the
forest of Sherwood.

joined Robin Hood and made him their leader.
Robin and his men were called the Merry Men by the poor people. And Robin became Robin of Sherwood Forest or Robin Hood. He was called "Hood" because he and his men wore green
hoods.
Robin Hood was a
great rebel who
fought for his
people and
freedom of his
land.