Презентация, доклад по англ. языку на тему Северная Ирландия

(Irish: Tuaisceart Éireann, Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is one of the four countries of the United Kingdom. It is situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland and shares a border with the Republic of Ireland to the south and west. At the time of the 2001 its population was 1,685,000, constituting about 30% of the island's total population and about 3% of the population of the United Kingdom.

Northern Ireland

of
the Irish province of Ulster. For over 50
years it had its own devolved
government and parliament.

Northern Ireland was for many years the site of a
violent and bitter ethno-political conflict — the
Troubles — which was caused by divisions between
nationalists, who are predominantly Roman
Catholic, and unionists, who are predominantly
Protestant. Unionists want Northern Ireland to
remain as a part of the United Kingdom, while
nationalists wish for it to be politically reunited with the rest of Ireland, independent of British rule. Since
the signing of the "Good Friday Agreement" in 1998, most of the paramilitary groups involved in the
Troubles have ceased their armed campaigns.

County Armagh,
County Down,
County Fermanagh,
County Londonderry,
County Tyrone

Countries of Northern Ireland

there are twenty-six districts of Northern Ireland which have different geographical extents, even in the case of those named after the counties from which they derive their name.

Fermanagh District Council most closely follows the borders of the county from which it takes its name. Coleraine Borough Council, on the other hand, derives its name from the town of Coleraine in County Londonderry.

of Irish war of resistance against English programmes of colonialism in the late 16th century. The English-controlled Kingdom of Ireland had been declared by the English king, Henry VII, in 1542 but Irish resistance made English rule in Ireland impossible.

The programmes of colonialism were intended as a means to extend English rule in Ireland. Following Irish defeat at the Battle of Kinsale, the region's Gaelic (and Roman Catholic) aristocracy fled to continental Europe in 1607 and the region became subject to major programmes of colonialism by Protestant English (mainly Anglican) and Scottish (mainly Presbyterian) settlers.

In Northern Ireland, the iconic victories of the Siege of Derry (1698) and the Battle of the Boyne (1690) in this latter war are still celebrated by the Unionist community (both Anglican and Presbyterian) today.

History of Northern Ireland

politically and materially deprive mainly the Catholic community. In the context of open institutional discrimination, the18th century saw secret, militant societies develop in communities in the region and act out on sectarian tensions in violent attacks.
The new state, formed in 1801, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, was governed from a single government and parliament based in London.
Between 1717 and 1775 some 250,000 people from Ulster immigrated to the American colonies. It is estimated that there are more than 27 million descendants of the Scots-Irish migration now living in the U.S.

maritime climate, rather wetter in the west than the east, although cloud cover is persistent
across the region. The weather is unpredictable at all times of the year, and although
the seasons are distinct, they are considerably less pronounced than in interior Europe or the
eastern seaboard of North America. Average daytime maximums in Belfast are 6.5 °C (43.7 °F) in
January and 17.5 °C (63.5 °F) in July.

centuries resulted in much of the region being covered in rich green grassland.
Highest maximum temperature: 30.8 °C (87.4 °F) at Knockarevan, near Garrison, County Fermanagh on 30 June 1976 and at Belfast on 12 July 1983.
Lowest minimum temperature: −17.5 °C (0.5 °F) at Magherally, near Banbridge, County Down on 1 January 1979.

Northern Ireland

Antrim, Ballycastle, Ballyclare, Ballymena, Ballymoney, Ballynahinch, Banbridge, Bangor
Carrickfergus, Carryduff, Coalisland, Coleraine, Comber, Cookstown, Craigavon
Donaghadee, Downpatrick, Dromore, Dundonald, Dungannon
Enniskillen, Holywood, Kilkeel, Larne, Limavady, Lurgan
Magherafelt, Newcastle, Newtownabbey, Newtownards
Omagh,Portadown, Portrush, Portstewart,Randalstown
Strabane, Warrenpoint

no religion. In terms of community background, 53.1% of the The population is forecast to pass the 1.8 million mark by 2011.

The population

The population of Northern Ireland was estimated as being 1,759,000 on 10 December 2008. In the 2001 census, 45.57% of the population identified as belonging to Protestant or other non-Catholic denominations, 40.26% identified as Catholic, 0.30%

influence from Scotland, with the use of such Scots words as wee for 'little' and aye for 'yes'. Some jocularly call this dialect phonetically by the name Norn Iron. There are supposedly some minute differences in pronunciation between Protestants and Catholics. However, geography is a much more important determinant of dialect than religious background.

English is spoken as a first language by almost 100% of the Northern Irish population, though under the Good Friday Agreement, Irish and Ulster Scots (one of the dialects of the Scots language), sometimes known as Ullans, have recognition as "part of the cultural wealth of Northern Ireland".

The language

the United Kingdom. Unlike most areas of the United Kingdom, in the last year of primary school children sit the eleven plus transfer test, and the results determine whether they attend grammar schools or secondary schools.
This system was due to be changed in 2008. The eleven plus has since been abolished with the majority of Grammar schools now holding their own entry test, Secondary pupils are not required to take such a test for entry.

Education

There are two main universities in Northern Ireland - The Queen's University of Belfast, and the University of Ulster.

the lives of many people. Sports tend to be organised on an all-Ireland basis including both Northern Ireland and the Republic, as in the case of Gaelic football, rugby, hockey, basketball, cricket, golf and hurling. The main exception is association football, which has separate governing bodies for each jurisdiction.

Sport in Northern Ireland

The Ireland cricket team, which represents both the Republic and Northern Ireland, is an associate member of the International Cricket Council. It participated in 2007 Cricket World Cup.

The Irish Football Association (IFA) is the organising body for association football in Northern Ireland.

Despite Northern Ireland's small population, its international team has had a number of notable successes, including World Cup quarter-final appearances in 1958 and 1982.

Football and cricket

Royal Belfast Golf Club (the earliest, formed in 1881), Royal Portrush Golf Club (the only course outside of Great Britain to have hosted The Open Championship), and Royal County Down Golf Club (Golf Digest magazine's top-rated course outside the United States).

Notable golfers include Darren Clarke, Fred Daly (winner of The Open in 1947), Graeme McDowell (winner of the U.S. Open in 2010, the first European since 1970) and Rory McIlroy.

Golf

sites of interest, public houses, welcoming hospitality and sports (especially golf and fishing).
Since 1987 public houses have been allowed to open on Sundays, despite some opposition.

Some words about tourism...

With its improved international reputation, Northern Ireland has recently witnessed rising numbers of tourists.