Презентация, доклад к уроку английского языка по теме Passive

производителем или объектом действия, выраженного сказуемым.
Действительный и страдательный залоги в английском языке совпадают со значением соответствующих залогов в русском языке. Глагол в действительном залоге (Active Voice) показывает, что действие совершает лицо или предмет, выраженный подлежащим.
He often asks questions. Он часто задаёт вопросы.

Категория залога

предмет или лицо, выраженное подлежащим.
He is often asked questions. Ему часто задают вопросы.

Passive

действию, а не лицо или предмет, которые совершают действие. 2. Когда лицо, совершающее действие, несущественно, неизвестно или не упоминается по каким-либо причинам. Сравните: Алекс выполнил работу (активный залог). Работа выполнялась (пассивный залог). Работу выполнили (пассивный залог). Работа выполнена (пассивный залог).

Cлучаи употребления

страдательным причастием; б) глаголом на -ся; в) неопределённо-личным глаголом.
The house is built. а) Дом построен. б) Дом строится. в) Дом строят.

Passive

VERB OBJECT

2. Students are taught by the Professor.

SUBJECT PASSIVE VERB Object

Examples

killed by the hunter.



THE SUBJECT AND THE OBJECT REPLACED EACH OTHER

V 3
Present Simple: to be = am / is / are
I am always asked to look after his dog.
Past Simple: to be = was / were
I was asked to look after his dog yesterday.
Future Simple: to be = shall / will be
I shall be asked at the next lesson.

in France.
3. Newspapers are bought on Monday.
4. Many countries are visited every year.
5. Letters are brought by postmen.
6. Rice is not grown in England.

Name the Passive

By
Перед одушевленным предметом, а также после глаголов типа: damage, make, discover, write, etc.

This building was designed by Rossi.
He was brought up by his aunt.
The window was broken by this stone.
The theatre was destroyed by fire.

With Указывается, какой предмет, орудие, инструмент использован для совершения действия.

He was killed with a knife.
Rice is eaten with chopsticks in China.
The bag was cut with a razor.
The stone is very soft. It can be cut with a knife.

not played here.
I am not asked at the lesson.

Is French spoken in France?
Are sweets bought here?
Where are magazines bought ?

?

being V3
I am being asked now.
Past Progressive: was / were being V3
I was being asked at 3 p.m. yesterday.
Future Progressive: shall / will be V3
I will be asked when you come tomorrow.

the room. Students are being examined there.
This work will be done at noon tomorrow.
Look! Football is being played.
They were being asked at this time yesterday.

Name the Passive

I have already been asked.
Past Perfect: had been + V3
I had been asked before you came.
Future Perfect: shall/will have been + V3
I will have already been asked by 3p.m. tomorrow.

been sold.
The letters had been typed by the time the manager came.
The classroom will have been aired and cleaned before the lesson starts.
The problem has been studied for 3 years, but they haven’t got any results.

т.е. прямое и косвенное дополнение активного залога могут стать подлежащими пассивного залога со следующими глаголами: to give, to send, to tell, to pay, to promise, to offer, to leave, to show etc.

The teacher gave him a book. – Учитель дал ему книгу.
The book was given to him. He was given the book.

Если подлежащее пассивного залога выражено личным местоимением, то оно (местоимение) ставится в именительный падеж.

Особенности употребления пассивного залога

show her friends a new album.
She’s sent her mother a box of fruit.
They had promised her a new flat by December.
The postman brings us newspapers in the evening.

глагола. Перевод следует начинать с предлога.
They sent for the doctor. – Они послали за доктором.
The doctor was sent for. – За доктором послали.
This book is often referred to. – На эту книгу часто ссылаются.

Особенности употребления пассивного залога

laugh at
to listen to
to refer to
to speak to
to object to

to send for
to wait for
to look for
to ask for
to speak of (about)
to think of
to remind of
to look after

friends always listen to him with great interest.
The Browns have never lived in this house.
Nancy is looking after my dog now.

always listened to with great interest.
This house has never been lived in (by the Browns).
My dog is being looked after by Nancy now.