Презентация, доклад на тему Internal combustion engine

of fuel (generally, fossil fuel) occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber.

and pressure gases, which are produced by the combustion, applies force directly to a movable component of the engine, such as the pistons or turbine blades and by moving it over a distance, generates useful mechanical energy.

cycle used, by the layout of the engine, source of energy, the use of the engine, or by the cooling system employed.
But we are both interested in enging cycle classification.

поршень; 4 - шатун; 5 - коленчатый вал;

cycle

father of engines"

A two-stroke engine is an internal combustion engine that completes the thermodynamic cycle in two movements of the piston compared to twice that number for a four-stroke engine. This increased efficiency is accomplished by using the beginning of the compression stroke and the end of the combustion stroke to perform simultaneously the intake and exhaust (or scavenging) functions. In this way two-stroke engines often provide strikingly high specific power.

illustrate the effect of a reflected pressure wave on the fuel charge. This feature is essential for maximum charge pressure (volumetric efficiency) and fuel efficiency. It is used on most high-performance engine designs.

Two-stroke engine

Clerk who in 1881 patented his design, his engine having a separate charging cylinder.

Dugald Clerk

motorcycles, small engined devices such as chainsaws and outboard motors and some cars. Due to their simple design (and resulting low cost) and higher power-to-weight ratios.

20th century

machinery and many others, most commonly use a four-stroke cycle. The four strokes refer to intake, compression, combustion (power), and exhaust strokes that occur during two crankshaft rotations per working cycle of the gasoline engine and diesel engine. A less technical description of the four-stroke cycle is, "Suck, Squeeze, Bang, Blow"

FOUR-STROKE ENGINE

with the help of special mechanisms .

into the cylinder so that more power can be produced from each power stroke. This was originally done using a type of air compression device known as a supercharger, which is powered by the engine crankshaft.
 
Supercharging increases the power output limits of four-stroke engine, but the supercharger is always running. Continuous compression of the intake air requires some mechanical energy to accomplish, so the supercharger has a cost of reduced fuel efficiency when the engine is operating at low power levels or when the engine is simply unloaded and idling.

air into the cylinder head. It consists of a two piece, high-speed turbine assembly with one side that compresses the intake air, and the other side that is powered by the exhaust gas outflow.
 

and the engine operates in a naturally-aspirated manner. When much more power output is required, the engine speed is increased until the exhaust gases are sufficient to 'spin up' the turbocharger's turbine to start compressing much more air than normal into the intake manifold.

there is a design limitation known as turbo lag. The increased engine power is not immediately available, due to the need to sharply increase engine RPM to spin up the turbo, before the turbo starts to do any useful air compression.

Turbocharging allows for more efficient engine operation at low-to-moderate speeds, but there is a design limitation known as turbo lag. The increased engine power is not immediately available, due to the need to sharply increase engine RPM to spin up the turbo, before the turbo starts to do any useful air compression.