Презентация, доклад на тему Индустриальная революция на английском языке

Содержание

1. Индустриальная революция на английском языке
2. Industrial revolution
3. The great social changes in
4. The upper class were
5. At this time coal was replacing
6. The “Industrial Revolution” transformed
7. The proletariate (as they
8. Several influences came together
9. By the early eighteenth
10. Increased iron production made it possible to manufacture
11. He built the largest
12. He saw the first
13. One invention led to
14. In the middle of
15. Soon Britain was not
16. Workers tried to join
17. Riots occurred, led by
18. The government supported the
19. Слайд 19

Industrial revolution

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Английский язык
Индустриальная революция на английском языке

Слайд 1Презентация на тему:
«Индустриальная революция»
Выполнила
Горшкова Виктория Владимировна

Ростов-на-Дону
2015

Слайд 2Industrial revolution

Слайд 3 The great social changes in 18th-century Britain began with the enclosure (privatisation)

of land and the resulting expulsion of the landless villagers who had traditionally farmed the “common land” that was now taken by the rich gentry.

The great social changes in 18th-century Britain began with the enclosure (privatisation) of land and the resulting expulsion of

Слайд 4 The upper class were rich because they were

also the leaders of trade and manufacturing. There was a huge difference between rich and poor.

The large numbers of landless poor moved toward the cities just as factories were being invented to replace the home-based "cottage indutries."

The upper class were rich because they were also the leaders of trade and

Слайд 5 At this time coal was replacing wood as fuel, iron and

steel were becoming basic materials, and the steam engine was perfected, making a pumping motion turn fly-wheels to drive machines.

At this time coal was replacing wood as fuel, iron and steel were becoming basic materials, and the steam

Слайд 6 The “Industrial Revolution” transformed English society, as great

cities sprang up, full of wretched housing which quickly became “slums.”

The “Industrial Revolution” transformed English society, as great cities sprang up, full of wretched

Слайд 7 The proletariate (as they were later called) provided

the workforce for a manufacturing industry that quickly found markets at home and abroad, as the earning class grew in size.

The main products were cloth in wool and cotton, knives and swords made of steel.

The proletariate (as they were later called) provided the workforce for a manufacturing industry that quickly

Слайд 8 Several influences came together at the same time

to revolutionise Britain's industry: money, labour, a greater demand for goods, new power, and better transport.

By the end of the eighteenth century, some families had made huge private fortunes.Growing merchant banks helped put this money to use.

Several influences came together at the same time to revolutionise Britain's industry: money, labour,

Слайд 9 By the early eighteenth century simple machines had already been

invented for basic jobs. They could make large quantities of simple goods quickly and cheaply so that "mass production" became possible for the first time.

Each machine carried out one simple process, which introduced the idea of "division of labour" among workers. This was to become an important part of the industrial revolution.

By the early eighteenth century simple machines had already been invented for basic jobs. They could

Слайд 10 Increased iron production made it possible to manufacture new machinery for other

industries. No one saw this more clearly than John Wilkinson, a man with a total belief in iron.

Increased iron production made it possible to manufacture new machinery for other industries. No one saw this more

Слайд 11 He built the largest ironworks in the country.

He built the world's first iron bridge, over the River Severn, in 1779.

He built the largest ironworks in the country. He built the world's first iron

Слайд 12 He saw the first iron boats made. He

built an iron chapel for the new Methodist religious sect, and was himself buried in an iron coffin. Wilkinson was also quick to see the value of new inventions.

When James Watt made a greatly improved steam engine in 1769, Wilkinson improved it further by making parts of the engine more accurately with his special skills in ironworking.

He saw the first iron boats made. He built an iron chapel for the

Слайд 13 One invention led to another, and increased production

in one area led to increased production in others.

Other basic materials of the industrial revolution were cotton and woollen cloth, which were popular abroad.

One invention led to another, and increased production in one area led to increased

Слайд 14 In the middle of the century other countries

were buying British uniforms, equipment and weapons for their armies. To meet this increased demand, better methods of production had to be found, and new machinery was invented which replaced handwork.

In the middle of the century other countries were buying British uniforms, equipment and

Слайд 15 Soon Britain was not only exporting cloth to

Europe. It was also importing raw cotton from its colonies and exporting finished cotton cloth to sell to those same colonies, The social effects of the industrial revolution were enormous.

Soon Britain was not only exporting cloth to Europe. It was also importing raw

Слайд 16 Workers tried to join together to protect themselves

against powerful employers. They wanted fair wages and reasonable conditions in which to work. But the government quickly banned these "combinations", as the workers' societies were known.

Workers tried to join together to protect themselves against powerful employers. They wanted fair wages and

Слайд 17 Riots occurred, led by the unemployed who had

been replaced in factories by machines. In 1799 some of these rioters, known as Luddites, started to break up the machinery which had put them out of work.