Презентация, доклад на тему Events of 1918-1920 in the reminiscences of the Interventionists

The objective and the tasks of the researchObjective: To consider the evolution of the English-American military contingent’s moods in the European North of Russia in 1918 - 1920 and to find out its causes. Tasks:• To study

Слайд 1Author: Anastasia Semchenko, Murmansk Teachers’ Training College
Supervisor:
                                 Svetlana Muromtseva 
 

Events of 1918-1920

in the reminiscences
of the Interventionists
 

Author: Anastasia Semchenko, Murmansk Teachers’ Training CollegeSupervisor:                                 Svetlana Muromtseva  Events of 1918-1920   in the reminiscences

Слайд 2The objective and the tasks of the research
Objective: To consider the

evolution of the English-American military contingent’s moods in the European North of Russia in 1918 - 1920 and to find out its causes.
 
Tasks:
• To study and analyze the above-mentioned documents;
• To trace the changing moods of armed forces from 1918 to 1920;
• To describe the interrelationship between those moods and the Allies policies in the Northern Region.
 

The English-American contingent

The objective and the tasks of the researchObjective: To consider the evolution of the English-American military contingent’s

Слайд 3 
The events of the Civil War and the Intervention in Russia

in 1918-1920, when millions of people died and were killed and material and cultural values accumulated for centuries were destroyed, still attract attention and remain relevant today.
 The events of the Civil War and the Intervention in Russia in 1918-1920, when millions of people

Слайд 4At first, the Allied Intervention’s target was to prevent the transfer

of the German troops from the Eastern Front to the West and for the protection of communications and supplies from the German forces. No less important reason for the Intervention was a strategically advantageous position of Murmansk and Arkhangelsk.
At first, the Allied Intervention’s target was to prevent the transfer of the German troops from the

Слайд 5The British and the US governments promised Northern Russia’s people not

to interfere in the political sovereignty of the country, in its internal affairs, and even in local affairs on the territory where they were to introduce their military forces.
The British and the US governments promised Northern Russia’s people not to interfere in the political sovereignty

Слайд 6"We can not leave Russia in distress. Germany is defeated…But our

former ally Russia is beaten and bleeding by the violent government..."

In a message to the Russian people they announced the cooperation and an active support of the Russians in the liberation from the "Bolshevik yoke."

Major-General K.Meynard


Слайд 7The soldiers were supposed to be paid 25 shillings a day

instead of the promised 15 shillings a week.
The soldiers were supposed to be paid 25 shillings a day instead of the promised 15 shillings

Слайд 8The US Government explained the military contingent that the US troops’

main task in Northern Russia was to guard the depots that were of particular importance to the Russians as well as the assistance in the organization of Russians’ defense.
The US Government explained the military contingent that the US troops’ main task in Northern Russia was

Слайд 9The majority of the soldiers and officers of the English American

contingent trusted their governments and went to Russia with a desire to help. They were all very proud of their mission.
The majority of the soldiers and officers of the English American contingent trusted their governments and went

Слайд 10There were also former prisoners among those soldiers who guarded the

captives and they had the right to do what they wanted. The participants of the events mentioned the gradual disappointment of the actions against the civilian population and misunderstanding of the real targets of the Intervention in the diaries. Only a few of the officers and soldiers doubted the High Command’ plans and military actions in Russia from the very beginning.
There were also former prisoners among those soldiers who guarded the captives and they had the right

Слайд 11Relationships with the High Command of the Northern Region and the

command of the Allied were complicated. On the one hand, General Marushevsky wrote that relations with foreigners gradually took the form of a lasting cooperation. On the other hand, it is known that General Poole often behaved unceremoniously which was the reason for the local population’s dissatisfaction
Relationships with the High Command of the Northern Region and the command of the Allied were complicated.

Слайд 12“This is Thanksgiving day. It’s alright but a hard tack does

satisfy our appetites.”
  Harry J. Baggott
“This is Thanksgiving day. It’s alright but a hard tack does satisfy our appetites.” 

Слайд 13Snowing like H--. Epidemic spreads amongst the Russians and many die.

Perhaps it’s the “flu”. Seen as high as 13 piled on a wagon headed for cemetery. Rec’ letter from girl in London. Sgt. “Sallie” with 14 men from our Co. comprising a barb wire party sent to front. This is the 20th day. Not heard from as yet. 339th Infantry loses heavily in casualties. Co “A” looses 7 men (Engineers). “B” has not lost a man yet to our good luck.
Snowing like H--. Epidemic spreads amongst the Russians and many die. Perhaps it’s the “flu”. Seen as

Слайд 14«Above and beyond all obstacles the climate was worse than the

enemy. Winter 1918-1919 was one of the coldest in history, the thermometer dropped to 60 below zero. When the spring came, we found that some of the "logs" were actually corpses! »
Harry J. Baggott
«Above and beyond all obstacles the climate was worse than the enemy. Winter 1918-1919 was one of

Слайд 15In January 1919 in Kandalaksha some of the British troops rebelled

and refused to fight against the Red Army. They demanded sending them home immediately. The troops were disbanded and the rebels were arrested.
In January 1919 in Kandalaksha some of the British troops rebelled and refused to fight against the

Слайд 16«…Seen as high as 13 piled on a wagon headed for

cemetery. »
Harry J. Baggott
«…Seen as high as 13 piled on a wagon headed for cemetery. » Harry J. Baggott

Слайд 17The movement in England, the USA, France and other countries against

the Intervention in Russia under the slogan "Hands off Russia!" was of great importance. The propaganda caused rebellions. Wilfried Martel’ brother officer pointed out, "The Americans recognize the Russian revolutionary government, but they won’t be at war with the Bolsheviks." B. Lincoln wrote about the mood of the Allies, "Endless darkness of winter affected the Allied troops in 1919 and the British and French rebelled."

The movement in England, the USA, France and other countries against the Intervention in Russia under the

Слайд 18Doubts about the reasonableness of the Intervention grew
“Friendly intervention? According to

them, military necessity demanded that distant peace huts were destroyed on the Dvina. The soldiers, without being by nature so cruel people were to follow this call - to destroy ... Why we came, what we were, entered the borders of Russia and Russian destroying homes?”
Cudahy


“... the stigma remains on the faces of those people who are sitting in soft chairs ... sending with a careless gesture other people to remote parts of the earth where they experienced hardship and suffer, where their hopes collapsed”
General Finlayson

Doubts about the reasonableness of the Intervention grew“Friendly intervention? According to them, military necessity demanded that distant

Слайд 19The soldiers began to realize the aimlessness and uselessness of that

war: “... I realized that the English money is flowing here and the precious lives of the British soldiers sacrificed for the sake of this useless army and to maintain this useless government”
The soldiers began to realize the aimlessness and uselessness of that war: “... I realized that the

Слайд 20Those moods grew after the end of the First World War

because there was no official excuse for staying in Russia. Dissatisfaction reached its highest point after the failure of the summer offensive campaign in 1919
Those moods grew after the end of the First World War because there was no official excuse

Слайд 21
“It was not a war at all. It was a

free-booter's excursion, depraved and lawless. A felonious undertaking, for it had not the sanction of the American people. During the winter of 1919, American soldiers, in the uniform of their country, killed Russians and were killed by Russians, yet the Congress of the United States never declared war upon Russia.”
J.Cudahy

“It was not a war at all. It was a free-booter's excursion, depraved and lawless. A

Слайд 22

Conclusion
The reasons for such a change were a disappointment of their governments’ politics and rhetoric, condemnation of terror carried out against the local population, as well as awareness of the illegal and senseless English-American forces’ accommodation in Russia after the First World War.
Conclusion The

Слайд 23References
Goldin V.I. “Interventsiyaiantibolshevitskoedvizhenienarusskomsevere” [The Intervention and Anti-Bolsheviks movement in North Russia]

Moscow, 1993
Kiselev A.A. “Grazhdanskayavoinanamurmaneglazamiuchastnikoviochevidtsev” [The Civil War in Murman from participants’ point of view] Murmansk, 2005
“Abandoned into the nothingness. The Intervention in North Russia as the participants saw it” Istoriya [History] Arkhangelsk, 1997
Sokolov B.F. “Padeniesevernoioblasti” [The decay of Northern Region] Arkhangelsk, 1993
SAMO FR-150. D.1 Op.1. L.7.
SAMO FR-150. D.1 Op.1. L.1.
«The History of the American Expedition Fighting the Bolsheviki. Campaigning in North Russia 1918-1919». http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009571006
DIARY OF PRIVATE WILFRED L. MARTELL http://home.comcast.net/ ~mvgrobbel/military/ martell.htm
Military Diary of Harry J. Baggott. http://pbma.grobbel.org/baggott/h_j_ baggott_ww1_diary.
References Goldin V.I. “Interventsiyaiantibolshevitskoedvizhenienarusskomsevere” [The Intervention and Anti-Bolsheviks movement in North Russia] Moscow, 1993Kiselev A.A. “Grazhdanskayavoinanamurmaneglazamiuchastnikoviochevidtsev” [The

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