Present simple
Form
Present simple
Adverbs of frequency
(Signal words)
Present continuous
Form
Present perfect simple
Form
Puts emphasis on the result:
She has written five letters.
Action that is still going on:
I've liked chocolate since I was a child.
Action that stopped recently:
She has cooked dinner (so you should come and eat).
Finished action that has an influence on the present:
I've lost my keys (so I can't get into my house).
Action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking (personal experience):
I have never been to Australia.
They have visited Paris three times.
With such phrases as “It’s the first/second/etc. time…”:
It’s the second time I’ve been on a plane.
Changes which have happened:
I’ve lost ten kilos.
Present perfect simple
Signal words
Present perfect continuous
Form
Actions started in the past and continuing up to present usually with
all day/week/year etc., for, since or how long:
He’s been writing a letter for two hours. (He started 2 hours ago and still writing).
Actions stopping just before the present moment (with visible result):
She’s been crying (her eyes are red).
! Not normally used with ever and never:
Have you ever flown in a helicopter before?
Have you ever been flying in a helicopter before?
Compare the different uses of Present perfect continuous Present perfect simple
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