Презентация, доклад по английскому языку The Structure of the United States Government

the US Flag
“the stars and stripes & old glory” (1777)
13 horizontal stripes = 13 original states
50 stars = 50 modern states
Red stripes – courage, white – liberty, a field of blue – loyalty.

the US Coat-of-Arms
an eagle with a bundle of rods in the left claw,
the olive twig – in the right.
the Motto: E pluribus unium (“Out of many”)
the US nickname – “Uncle Sam”

Cabinet

the
Vice-President

Federal
judiciary

50 states
judiciaries

Supreme
Court

system of
Federal Courts

US called … was adopted in …
The flag of the US consists of … … stripes equal to the number of … …, with a blue union marked with … white stars equal to the number of …
The red stripes proclaim …, the white … and a field of blue …
The Coat-of-arms represents an eagle, holding … of … in the left claw and … … in the right claw.
The motto on the Coat-of-arms is …
The nickname of the US is … …

a. the Supreme Court and
the system of Federal Courts
2. Executive branch b. the Congress
c. the President, the
3. Judicial branch Vise-President and the
President’s Cabinet

House of Representatives
the Senate: 100 members (2 from each state); chosen by voters of the entire state; is to represent the whole state; senator (6 years) must be at least 35 years old, US citizen for 9 years, resident of state he represents;
the House of Representatives: 435 members (acc. to the number of congressional districts in the state = the number of representatives), representative must be at least 25 years old, US citizen for 7 years, resident of the state he represents.
FUNCTIONS of the Congress: to make laws
+ raise money by means of taxes and borrowings; make rules for trade with foreign countries & between states; set up post offices and federal courts below the US Supreme Courts; organize the armed forces; declare war.
The Senate must approve: 1. by majority vote the president’s appointment of such officials as ambassadors, cabinet members & federal judges; 2. by a 2/3 majority vote a treaty between the US & a foreign country before a
treaty becomes a law.

member
of the House can introduce a bill to raise money but the money raising
bill must be passed by the Senate before it becomes a law.
Most of congressmen work is done in committee meeting where bills are studied, experts are heard & recommendations are made.
During 2-year term 20 000 bills may be introduced 16 standing committees in the Senate & 20 in the House of R. (sift & sort the bills)
The chairman – who has served longest on the committee.
The committees in the Congress are: I Senate Standing Committee:
1) aeronautical space science 8) finance
2) agriculture & forestry 9) foreign relations
3) appropriations 10) government operations
4) armed services 11) interior & insular affair
5) banking & currency 12) judiciary
6) commerce 13) labour & public welfare
7) district of Columbia 14) post office & civil service
15) public works
16) rules & administration

11) interstate & foreign commerce
2) appropriations 12) judiciary
3) armed services 13) merchant marine
4) banking & currency 14) post office & civil service
5) district of Columbia 15) public works
6) education & labour 16) rules
7) foreign affair 17) science & aeronautics
8) government operations 18) internal security
9) house administration 19) veterans affairs
10) interior & insular affairs 20) ways & means

Representative introduces a bill → to the clerk of its house, clerk – a number & title – first reading → to the proper committee. May decide unwise/unnecessary – tumble the bill, thus killing it or if it worthwhile & hold hearings. → a vote (if favourable – sent back to the House). Clerk reads to the House – second reading → debates. Third reading – by title only. → a vote → to the other house of Congress (defeated or passed with/ without amendmence) – if defeated – dies, if passed with amendments – Joined Congressional Committee must be appointed to iron the differences → to the President – signs and bill becomes a LAW/ vetoes & sends back.

must be

The number of the
committees

house administration
public works
science & aeronautics
Senate Standing foreign relations House Standing
Committees interior & insular affair Committees
veterans affairs
labour & public welfare

III Complete the chart

FUNCTIONS
of the CONGRESS

responsible for administrating & executing the laws
President – 4 years (begins at noon on January,20). Must be natural born citizen, at least 35, at least 15 years – a resident of the US. Elections are held in 2 stages: 1 – voters choose electors, 2 – voters elect the President. P. administers National Government through instructions to Heads of departments & agencies (appointed & removed by him); appoints higher officers (Cabinet Ministers, ambassadors, federal judges); has initiative in foreign affairs; can’t be forced to make a treaty.
= Commander-in-Chief; can involve the country in a state of war; can reject legislation.
the Vice-President, elected with President for 4 years; presides the Senate; may be used to as a contact man among Senators,
may sit at Cabinet Meetings as an understudy to the
President, takes his place if he’s unable to finish his term.

who are directly/fully responsible to the President’s Cabinet members meet frequently with the President in the Cabinet Room of the executive officers in the White House as a council of advisers. 11 secretaries are Heads of 11 executive departments:
1. secretary of state 7. secretary of commerce
2. secretary of the treasury 8. secretary of labour
3. secretary of defence 9. secretary of health, education
4. attorney general and welfare
5. secretary of the interior 10. secretary of housing & urban
6. secretary of agriculture development
11. secretary of transportation

There are many independent agencies in the Federal
Government.

vested in …, … and … It is responsible for ... and … the laws. The President is elected for … years. He must be … citizen, at least … years old and for at least … years a resident of the US. Elections are held in 2 stages:
…
…
The … is elected with the President for … years. He presides over …
II Complete the list of the secretaries
*Secretary of state *
* *Secretary of commerce
*Secretary of the treasury *
* *Secretary of labour
*Secretary of defence *
* Secretary of the interior

judiciary: the Supreme Court & the system of Federal Courts.
Supreme Court: Chief Justice & 8 associate Justices. (October - June). Duty: decide whether the laws passed by the Congress agree with the Constitution or not.
Judicial power – the power to hear & decide the 2 classes of cases: criminal or civil.
Judge of Supreme C. is appointed for life. The Chief Justice & the 8 Justices – during a case. 4 types of courts in the USA:
1. Courts of appeals
2. District Court
3. Courts of Claims
4. Customs Courts

4 types of courts in the US