Презентация, доклад Британия и Россия

GREAT BRITAIN
THE UNITED KINGDOM
ENGLAND
THE BRITISH ISLES
These different names are sometimes used to mean the same thing, and they are often used wrongly.
So, what is what?
Look at the maps

and
IRELAND,
and about 4 thousand
small islands around them.
The name The British Isles
is usually only seen on maps.

of the largest of the islands in the British Isles.
It’s made up of England,
Scotland and Wales.

You see the abbreviation GB on driving licences of people who live in England, Scotland and Wales.
In every day speech Great Britain is used to mean the UK.

political name of the country
which is made up of Scotland,
England, Wales and Northern Ireland.
The United Kingdom or UK
is a short way of saying it’s long name.
The abbreviation UK
is used on most documents produced by parliament.
The title The United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Northern Ireland
is used on British passports.
All people living in the UK are British.

:
a coat-of-arms
a flag
an anthem.
Some countries have some emblems.

We’ll speak about some of them.

SYMBOLS and EMBLEMS of THE UK

and RUSSIA

Kingdom
- is called the Union Flag or the Union Jack
-is a combination of the crosses of 3 patron saints of the country

The National Flag of Russia
is officially adopted by the Russian
President on 21 August 1991
-the colours of the flag symbolize:
white-frankness and generosity
blue-honesty and wisdom
red-courage and love

England
The red cross of Saint George
on a white background.


St. George is the patron saint of England.
St. George’s Day is celebrated
on 23 April.
St. George is also the patron
Saint of Germany, Portugal and Greece

cross of Saint
Andrew on a blue background.



Saint Andrew, a fisherman, was one of 12 apostles who followed Jesus Christ.
Paintings of Saint Andrew often show
him being killed on an X-shaped cross.
Saint Andrew’s Day is celebrated on 30 November.
He is patron saint of both Scotland and Russia.

The Saint Patrick Cross is the former flag of Ireland.
The red diagonal cross on a white ground.




Saint Patrick is the patron
saint of Ireland.
Saint Patrick’s Day is celebrated on
17 March.



This is the flag of Northern Ireland today.

dragon.
Saint David, the patron saint of Wales,
started a number of monasteries in
the country. Paintings of St.David
show him with a dove on his shoulder.
St.David’s Day is celebrated on 1 March.

DOUBLE-HEADED EAGLE
The National Emblem of Russia.
Symbolizes the power of the country.


THE STATE EMBLEM OF THE UK
-introduced in 1603
-shows the union of its 4 parts:
England, Scotland, Wales and
Northern Ireland.

Scotland

THE BRITISH FLORAL SYMBOLS

are the
floral symbols of
Wales.

introduced by Peter the Great in 1699. It is made up of St. Andrew’s diagonal cross on the white background.
It is believed that St. Andrew was crucified (распят) on the diagonal cross. He is considered to be the person that brought Christianity to Russia.

patron of the knighthood (рыцарство). In Russia he was first mentioned more than one thousand years ago and appeared on the icons (иконы) and banners (знамена).
In the 14th century St. George appeared on the emblem of the Moscow princedom (княжество) that started to unite Russian lands at that period. Since that time St. George has been the patron of Moscow and of Russia. St. George has always been the patron of the warriors () and is considered to be the emblem of military victories.

but still they have much in common in their history.
All their symbols and emblems are not just pictures or plants. They reflect their long history and are proved by historical facts and documents.
It’s very interesting and useful to learn the history of your country and the history of other countries.
We must be patriots of our Motherland and try to know about it’s history as much as possible/

popular name given to the flag of Great Britain. Actually it is called the Union Flag and is a mixture of several flags.
It all began in 1606 when Scotland was joined to England and Wales.
The Scottish flag, St. Andrew’s Cross, blue with a white cross from corner to corner, was joined to the English flag, St. George’s Cross, white with a red cross. The flag of St. George can still be seen on churches in England.
Later, in 1801, when Ireland was joined to the Union, as it was called,
the Irish Flag of St. Patrick’s Cross was added, white with a red cross
from corner to corner.
In this way the English people got the Union Flag which is red, white and blue. King James the Third (1566-1622) ordered that the Union Flag should be flown on the main mast of all British ships, except on ships of war. Here the flag was flown at the front of the ships, on what is called the Jack Star and so we get the name of Union Jack. A “jack”, by the way, is an old word for the sailor. The Union Jack is also on the flags of Australia and New Zealand.

Northern Ireland

The Flag of the United Kingdom is called the Union Flag or THE UNION JACK.
In 1603, King James 1 of England (or Jack for short) united England and Scotland. Then in 1801, there was the union with Ireland. Now the flag combines the flags of the three countries (England, Scotland and Northern Irela) united under one monarch. Wales is not represented in the flag because at the time the flag appeared in 1606, Wales was already united with England.
The Union Jack is a combination of the crosses of three patron saints of the country:
the red cross of Saint GEORGE for England on a white background;
the white diagonal cross of Saint ANDREW for Scotland on a blue background;
the red diagonal cross of Saint PATRICK for Ireland on a white background;

called the IMPERIAL FLAG. It consists of three equal stripes of white, blue and red. The first flag of this design appeared more than 300 years ago. Peter the Great adapted the flag from the National flag of the Netherlands. I was introduced by Peter the Great in 1699 as the flag of the Russian trade ships. Later a black two-headed eagle on a golden background was added to the flag of Russia. It became one of the national flags of the Russian Empire. The flag existed until the revolution in 1917. In the nineties, with the democratic changes, the three-colour flag was restored again. On 21 August 1991, the flag was officially adopted by the Russian President and the Russian Parliament.
In Russian the colours of the current flag symbolize:
white – frankness and generosity;
blue – honesty and wisdom;
red – courage and love.

Saint George is the patron saint of England. He was a soldier famous for saving the Princess Cleolinda from being eaten by a dragon. He wounded the dragon and took it back to the city of Silene on a lead like a dog Saint George’s Day is celebrated on 23 April. Saint George is also the patron saint of Germany, Portugal and Greece.

Saint Andrew, a fisherman, was one of the 12 apostles who followed Jesus Christ. Paintings of Saint Andrew often show him being killed on an X-shaped cross.
Saint Andrew’s Day is celebrated on 30 November. He is the patron saint of both Scotland and Russia.

flag of Ireland. Saint Patrick is the patron saint of Ireland. He was born about AD 390.He converted the Irish to Christianity.
Saint Patrick’s Day is celebrated on 17 March.
Today the flag of Northern Ireland looks like this.

the patron saint of Wales, started a number of monasteries in the country. Paintings of Saint David normally show him with a dove on his shoulder. His relics are now in Saint David’s Cathedral in Wales. Saint David’s Day is celebrated on 1 May.

the golden DOUBLE-HEADED EAGLE with a horseman (St. George) on a shield on the eagle’s breast with a red background. Above the two heads of the eagle, there is a historical crown. Originally it was one of the symbols of the Byzantine Empire.
The first emblem of the double-headed eagle was introduced in 1480, by Prince Ivan III. It was at the time of the establishment of the Russian state system. It symbolized the supreme power and sovereignty of the state.
Since then, the double-headed eagle is the main part of the emblem of our country. But now the crown is a symbol of the sovereignty both of the Russian Federation (as a whole) and of its parts (subjects of the Federation)

Northern Ireland

The State Emblem of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland shows the union of its four parts: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The emblem was introduced after the union with Scotland in 1603. The shield of the emblem is divided into four parts. There are emblems of England (three lions on a red background), emblem of Scotland (a red lion on a yellow background) and the emblem of Northern Ireland (a yellow harp (арфа) on a blue background).
The two emblems of English lions symbolize the leading role of England in this union. The SHIELD is supported by two mythic animals: the ENGLISH LION and the SCOTTISH UNICORN. The emblem is headed with a crowned lion, the symbol of power and might. Below the emblem, there are floral symbols of the four parts of the country.

about the emblem of England.
The first story says that the red rose was the emblem of the Lancastrians and the white rose that of the Yorkists, the two contending Houses for the English throne in the Wars of the Roses (1455-14850. The struggle between the Roses came to an end with the marriage of Henry VII, a Lancastrian, to Princess Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV, a Yorkist. Since then the red rose has been the national emblem of England.
This is the other story.
In the 15th century there was a series of wars in England, which were called the wars of Roses. They were between the Dukes of Lancaster and the Dukes of York over who should be King. The emblem of Lancaster was the red rose and the emblem of York was the white rose. The Duke of Lancaster won, so the emblem of England is the red rose.
A Lancastrian-уроженец Ланкашира
AYorkist-уроженец Йоркшира
Contending-соперничающий

is how it came to be chosen as the symbol.
Long, long ago the Norsemen once landed on the east coast of Scotland with the aim to settle in the country. The Scots assembled to defend their country behind the river Tay, the largest in Scotland. As they arrived late in the day, tired after a long march, they camped by the river and rested, not expecting the enemy before the next day.
The Norsemen however were near. They decided to cross the Tay, take the Scots by surprise and attack them in their sleep. They took off their shoes so as not to make much noise. But one of the Norsemen stepped on a thistle and shrieked loudly. The Scots woke up, and the Norsemen were put to flight. For this timely and unexpected help the Scots took the thistle as their national emblem.
thistle-чертополох
Norsemen-(древний)скандинав
shriek-вопить
put to flight-обращать в бегство

SHAMROCK. This plant helped St. Patrick explain to the people of his country what the Holy Trinity is. The historic colours of the parts are: England - white, Scotland - blue, Wales -red, Ireland – green. Every Irishman wears this floral symbol on St. Patricks Day. Sport teams of the nations wear these colours.

Day by wearing either leeks or daffodils pinned to their coat. They are the floral symbols of Wales. The legend says that the patron saint of Wales, David, ate only leeks and bread. In memory of this Christian saint, the leek became the floral symbol of Wales. The daffodil is also closely associated with St. David’s Day, due to the belief that it flowers on that day. It became an alternative to the leek as a Welsh emblem in the present century, because some people thought the leek vulgar.
When talking about daffodils the people often quote a very well-known poem by William Wordsworth. It begins:
I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o’er vales and hills
When all at once I saw a crowd,
A host, of golden daffodils.